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Newly released sugarcane varieties need to be adapted to various environments. This research was aimed at examining the growth and yield potential of newly released varieties of sugarcane in the first year as plant cane (PC) and the second year as first ratoon cane (RC1) on dry land. The research was carried out at Wedarijaksa station, Trangkil Sugar Mill area, Pati, Central Java in 2019–2021. Four sugarcane varieties were grown using a double rows system, AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, AMS Agribun, and CMG Agribun and one commercial variety, PSJK 922. Measurements of crop growth were made periodically: yield components at harvest in PC-RC1, and physiological characteristics 5 months after planting. The results indicate that mean tonnes of cane and sugar per hectare between PC and RC1 decreased by 22.7% and 21.0%, respectively, for AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, and CMG Agribun due to decreased stem weights. AMS Agribun showed the smallest decrease in tonnes of cane (4%) and increase in tonnes of sugar per hectare (2%) from PC to RC1. The highest number of tonnes of sugar in PC was achieved by ASA Agribun (12.8 t ha−1), slightly above PSJK 922 (12.69 t ha−1). The decline in tonnes of cane and sugar needs to be reduced by the continuously improving cultivation techniques. The mean photosynthetic water use efficiency of tested new varieties was 7.46 µmol CO2 mol H2O−1. These research findings provide information on crop performance and can be used as a basis for selecting varieties to be developed in the region. Further studies will be required to test these new sugarcane varieties in a wide range of agroecological zones in Indonesia.

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Two promising new sugarcane clones PS 05-370 and PS 06-103 along with control varieties were evaluated for the stability of their performance at ten locations across three years. Parameters observed include cane yield in tonnes cane per hectare (TCH), sugar content or commercial cane sugar (CCS) in %, and sugar yield in tonnes sugar per hectare (TSH). Significant differences were observed in genotypes and locations x genotypes interactions for TCH, CCS and TSH. Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis showed that these two sugarcane clones are specific location; grown in inceptisol soil with C3 climate type (Oldeman), sugar productivity (TSH) of PS 05-370 and PS 06-103 increased by 17-21%, compared to standard control variety PS 881. These two promising clones are early to mid maturing varieties and therefore, are recommended to be harvested earlier, to fill up the need for crushed material in the beginning of the milling season.