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In recent decades, information has become a critical asset to various organizations, hence identifying and preventing the loss of information are becoming competitive advantages for firms. Many international standards have been developed to help organizations to maintain their competitiveness by applying risk assessment and information security management system and keep risk level as low as possible. This study aims to propose a new quantitative risk analysis and assessment methodology which is based on AHP and Monte Carlo simulation. In this method, AHP is used to create favorable weights for Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) as security characteristic of any information asset. To deal with the uncertain nature of vulnerabilities and threats, Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to handle the stochastic nature of risk assessment by taking into account multiple judges' opinions. The proposed methodology is suitable for organizations that require risk analysis to implement ISO/IEC 27001 standard.

Quality of care is crucial for patients' satisfaction and safety in healthcare centers. The majority of hospitals attempt to implement facility-wide improvements to ensure high-quality care delivery. This study aims to propose a combined Simulation-Optimization and MCDM approach to accurately assess the impact of quality improvement initiatives on different facets of healthcare systems. In this framework, first, the importance (weights) of the different healthcare criteria is determined by health providers’ using an AHP approach. Then, the weights provided by AHP are applied in a simulation-optimization environment to determine the most efficient action with the most desirable quality of care. Simulation provides a platform to examine the effectiveness of different improvement efforts and calculate their impact on the system performance measures.