No abstract

Germinoma is the most common type of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs). Pineal gland and suprasellar region are the most frequent sites of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Intracranial masses caused by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) mimics features of CNS GCTs. LCH frequently involve spine and is the most common cause of vertebra plana in children. A 15-year-old boy presented with progressing symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, general headache, nausea and severe back pain. Brain MRI showed brain tumor with simultaneous involvement of suprasellar region and pineal gland. An excisional biopsy of suprasellar mass was done. The pathologic assessment confirmed the diagnosis of germinoma. Patient's treatment continued accordingly. A spine MRI, done due to persistent backache, showed a vertebra plana. We reevaluated the primary diagnosis suspecting LCH. Germinoma of CNS was confirmed and a biopsy of vertebral lesion resulted in hemangioma. Thus we report a case of CNS germinoma with co-occurrence of vertebra plana. We emphasized the importance of histopathologic diagnosis of pineal/suprasellar masses and primary investigation of other CNS regions including spine for possible metastasis or comorbidities.

Introduction: The metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma is rare in skull base and even more rare to cavernous sinus.Case Report: We report an extremely rare case of solitary cavernous sinus metastasis without metastasis to any other site, with left 6 nerve palsy as the initial manifestation of the disease.Discussion: The biopsy specimen of cavernous sinus suggested metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequent examination revealed a large mass involving posterior segment of right lobe of liver, which was confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma on histopathological examination. Conclusion:There have been only 25 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to skull base cited in literature of today, from which only 5 cases were in cavernous sinus. In this report, we introduce an unusual case of solitary cavernous sinus metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma before the diagnosis of primary tumor.

Background:Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor is a rare skin tumor that affects mainly older women. It similar to differential squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A search strategy was designed and run in Medline and google scholar. Also, searching grey literature, checking references, tracking citations, hand-searching of focused journals, and websites were utilized for retrieval of related studies. All of articles which studied epidemiology of mortality or injuries of the war were included. Conclusion:Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumours are rare and cause struggling in diagnosis for the surgeon ‎‎as there is a high risk of recurrence and metastasis‎