In this study we analyze an air quality data set, which was collected in the vicinity of the center of Mexico City during the ozone season from March to May 2016. It includes 33 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the sum of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particle matter with a diameter less than 1 μm (PM1). We use the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model to apportion ambient VOC concentrations into nine emission source factors, The analysis for all the data reveals the following breakdown of emission factors: secondary aerosol precursors, accounting for 21.7% of the total mass, followed by the source factors NO2 (20.4%), traffic-1 (19.3%), traffic-2 (16.2%), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (7.3%), geogenic (5.3%), biogenic (4.5%), incomplete fuel evaporation (2.7%), and solvents (2.2%). While the use of fossil fuel through various types of combustion and evaporation continues to be major fraction in Mexico City, additional sources could be identified. Apart from biogenic sources which tend to be more important closer to the end of the ozone season a second natural emission factors termed “geogenic” was identified. Overall, anthropogenic sources contribute almost 90%. Diurnal plots and bivariate plots show the relative importance of these emission source factors on different temporal and spatial scales which can be applied in emission control policies for Mexico City.
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