This article presents an elliptical shaped slot ultra‐wideband antenna with high gain (10.3 dBi) and compact size (107.7 × 68 mm2) that designed and improved by four steps. Also, it can perform in an impedance bandwidth (IBW) from 0.98 GHz to 4.5 GHz that is satisfactory IBW for ground penetrating radar (GPR) application. The proposed antenna is fabricated for experimental testing and getting GPR images in a sandbox. Simulation and measured results ensure a desirable GPR antenna.

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Poor heat dissipation and thermal runaway are most common in batteries subjected to fast charge or discharge and forced to work in hot or subzero ambient temperatures. For the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries throughout their lifecycle, a reliable battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required. A novel hybrid BTMS with a nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated smart wire and phase change material (PCM) with expanded graphite (EG) is proposed in this study. A lumped electrochemical-thermal battery model is developed to analyze the efficiency of the proposed hybrid BTMS. The multiphysics BTMS is investigated by discharging at various electrical currents in both off-modes (inactivated SMA) and on-modes (activated SMA). Under on-mode BTMS operation, temperature elevation is reduced by 4.63 °C and 6.102 °C during 3 C and 5 C discharge, respectively. The proposed hybrid BTMS can be considered a competitive alternative for use in electrical vehicles due to its smart, compact, safe, and efficient performance in both cold and hot environments.