Our case-control study failed to determine any association of MTHFR (677C > T and 1298A > C) and TNF-α (-308G > A and -238G > A) polymorphisms with LCPD risk. More studies with larger sample size are warranted to validate our findings.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of eNOS polymorphisms with risk of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD). Methods: The study comprised of 45 LCPD patients and 55 controls. The eNOS polymorphisms were genotyped with PCR and by PCR-RFLP. Results: The eNOS 894G > T and −786T > C polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of LCPD. However, there was no significant association between eNOS 27-bp VNTR polymorphism and LCPD risk. Conclusion:Our results suggest that the eNOS 894G > T and −786T > C polymorphisms may be a risk factor for LCPD in Iranian children, but not 27-bp VNTR polymorphism.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. The onset of OS is associated with local pain and swelling as well as joint dysfunction, occasionally. The most common location for OS is around the knee joint.  These patients often tend to receive medical attention following physical exercise and trauma. The affected population is mainly teenagers, children, and young adults with age range of 10-30 years. OS can be diagnosed via different approaches. The main serum markers for pediatric OS are insulin‑like growth factor (IGF‑1 and IGFBP‑3), anti‑ki57 antibody, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑β and sTNF‑R, T3, CD44, vascular endothelial growth factor, serum amyloid A, CXC chemokines, bone alkalin phosphatase, Interleukin (IL‑2, IL‑4, IL‑8), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), TNF‑α, and free polyamines. Given that there is no comprehensive review literature regarding OS management in our country, this study aimed to assess a survey on the management and approach of OS in children. In this regard, we have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, type, clinical feature, diagnosis, and OS therapy.