Background: This study investigates the therapeutic and protective effects of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and IL-2 on multiple sclerosis (MS) disease model. Materials & methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized to develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We then investigated effects of pre- and post-treatment EAE mice with Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 on inflammation and demyelination in brain tissue, and on the number of Treg, granulocytic-MDSC and Th-17 cells in spleen. Results: Pre- and post-treatment of EAE mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 resulted in no weight change, reduced Th-17 cells and suppression of pathological properties. Conclusion: Pre- and post-treatment of immunized mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 prevent EAE induction.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system.MS creates a wide range of symptoms with lifelong debilitating consequences. The hallmark of the disease is the inflammation of the nervous system, which can lead to damage to the nerve tissue and loss of function of the neurons. IL-17 has a prominent role in the beginning of inflammatory reactions. Here, we analyzed a mouse model developed using anti-myelin antibodies. This mouse model mimics many symptoms of MS in humans. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with 50 μg, 100 μg, 150 μg and 200 μg myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 4 mg/Ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two injections of 800 ng of pertussis toxin intraperitoneally, on day 0 and 2 post immunization. Serum level of IL-17 was measured, inflammation and demyelination of brain tissue were also evaluated. Mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis demonstrated inflammatory cell accumulation, different degrees of demyelination in the brain, and rising levels of serum IL-17 depending on the dose of the anti-myelin antibody. Our study demonstrates that level of IL-17 production is directly associated with inflammation and demyelination. In addition, different degrees of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice can be utilized to test a wide range of therapeutic interventions for MS treatment.

Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Emílio Carlos Nelli Silva, a quem expresso minha admiração e reconhecimento como exemplo de dedicação acadêmica, liderança, seu padrão de excelência, pela confiança depositada, por sua paciência e empenho para a realização desse trabalho. Os anos de convívio me proporcionaram enorme amadurecimento acadêmico, profissional e pessoal.Aos meus pais, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado, dando todo tipo de suporte e por serem modelos de perseverança compartilhando todo o seu amor e ensinamentos ao longo da minha vida e sempre me incentivando a buscar novos desafios.A minha querida esposa e parceira de vida Maria Clara, por seu amor, companheirismo e paciência durante a este período. E pelos ótimos momentos que vivemos juntos.À meus colegas do grupo de otimização topológica,

The immune system is a collection of cells and molecules; their task is identifying and destroying foreign cells and molecules. One of the most important cells of the immune system is CD 4+ CD 25+ (Tregs) T-regulatory cells that regulates immune tolerance. FOXP3 is necessary for natural production and function of CD 4+ CD 25+ regulatory T cells. Tregs are decreased in autoimmune diseases and are increased in tumors. In this study effect of Alkanna Frigida extract a medicinal plant was tested on FOXP3 expression. Given the importance of Tregs and FOXP3, nowadays, many studies about them are being conducted. The present study that was done for the first time showed that FOXP3 expression was decreased affected by Alkanna Frigida extract. Blood samples of intact volunteers were prepared. PBMCs of the samples were isolated on ficolls and different concentrations of Alkanna Frigida were added to PBMCs in RPMI 1,640 culture medium. After extracting total RNA, cDNA was synthesized using RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). For assessment of gene expression real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was done. Effect of different concentrations of Alkanna Frigida on expression of FOXP3 mRNA showed that expression of FOXP3 mRNA was decreased. There was a statistically significant difference between control and test samples (p < 0.05). The study that expression of FOXP3 mRNA showed decreased affected by Alkanna Frigida. So its suggest that it is effective in preventing tumor cells by diminishing inhibitory effects of Tregs on NK, MAQ and other defensive cells, so a new horizon can be opened in complementary treatments of tumors.