Electric cars are the way to reduce global warming and fuel shortages. Performance variable speed drive is needed for various drive electric vehicle applications. Unfortunately, high performance is still being investigated with a variety of drive systems. This paper presents a design, analysis, and implementation of the SV-PWM inverter motor drive system. The SV-PWM algorithm in design using Matlab, to analyze the system include signal response, THD-V, THD-I. All algorithms are embedded in STM32F4, as the main controller. The hardware uses a 3-phase motor control Steval power module. Response speed and output signal inverters are shown in chart form for analysis
The researches on topological indices are initially related to graphs obtained from biological activities or chemical structures and reactivity. Recently, the research on this topic has evolved on graphs in general and even on graphs obtained from algebraic structures, such as groups, rings or modules. This paper will present various topological index concepts, various graph concepts obtained from a commutative ring and some previous studies that are relevant to those two concepts. Based on the various concepts presented, research topics related to topological indices of a graph associated with a commutative ring can be found and carried out.
A vertex coloring of a graph , is an assigments of colors to the vertices of , such that no two adjacent vertices are assigned the same color. The least number of colors needed for an vertices coloring of a graph is the chromatic number, denoted by . A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that no edges crossing except at endpoints. A dual graph is constructed from the planar graph. Each region in planar graph can be represented by a vertex of the dual graph. Two vertices are connected if the region represented by these vertices are neugbours and have a common border. A diamond graph denoted by , can be used to model structure networks. In this study, it is shown that the chromatic number of dual diamond graph is χ(〖Br_n〗^* )={█(3,n=2 and n≥4@4,n=3.)┤
Prediction is a branch of science that is used to predict events that may occur in the future based on past events. One of the developed prediction methods, Backpropagation Neural Network, a method that has a good level of effectiveness. This study aims to determine the model and the accuracy of the model in predicting the total sales of the Toyota Avanza and to find out the results of sales predictions for the next 12 months by analyzing the number of sales in January 2010 to October 2021. The prediction model for the number of Toyota Avanza sales using the Backpropagation Neural Network is 12-13-1, where there are 12 variables in the input layer, 13 variables in the hidden layer and 1 variable in the output layer with a learning rate value of 0.5 and momentum 0. The predictions for the number of Toyota Avanza sales for 12 months are at an average upper limit of 6215 and an average lower limit of 3415 with a MAPE value of 9,39135%, so that the model can be said to be very good.
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