Cyber crime is known to all over the world as a crime committed through internet. It is, nowadays, becoming a serious matter of concern all over the world. This paper describes the nature of cyber crime which is committed in Bangladesh. As the use of internet in Bangladesh is not as wide as other developed countries, crime, however, related to internet is in emerging stage herein this country. The study is exploratory in nature. Methodological triangulation (face to face interview and case study) has been applied to collect pertinent data from 30 purposively selected respondents. It is revealed from the study that, though cyber crime is not in serious condition in research area, the respondents are victimized sometime by hacker, pornography sites and computer virus through internet. It is continuously growing attention of the majority people of the study area.

Background. The livestock sector contributes 1.90% to the GDP in Bangladesh during 2021–22. Poultry is one of the important subsectors struggling with diseases. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause numerous diseases resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Several FAdV serotypes cause inclusion body hepatitis in chicken. Although FAdV infection was suspected, there was no confirmatory report from Bangladesh. The study was conducted to investigate the FAdV infection and antibodies in chicken. Methods. A total of 50 samples, each composed of liver and spleen, were collected from different chickens of Gazipur, Dinajpur, and Panchagarh district. Each location belongs to A, B, and C poultry zones of Bangladesh, respectively. Viruses were detected by real-time PCR and conventional PCR. Blood samples (n = 303) were collected at the beginning and after the recovery from infection and tested by indirect ELISA. Sequencing of PCR products was done for serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Results. Clinical signs were observed including anorexia, drowsiness, ruffled feathers, reduced body weight, lack of uniformity, and high mortality (15–25%). Enlarged friable liver with yellow to tan color mottled with the focal soft area, fluid in pericardial sac, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys, enlarged congested spleen and pancreas, etc. were found on postmortem examination. FAdVs were detected in 90% of the flocks except commercial layer flock from Dinajpur. Three serotypes, namely, 8b (70%), 11 (10%), and 5 (10%) were detected. Anti-FAdV antibody was detected in 80% flocks at the beginning of infection and in 90% of the flocks after recovery from infection. The antibody titer increases significantly ( p < 0.05 ) after recovery from infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladeshi FAdVs have close identity with viruses from Asia, Europe, and South and North America. Conclusions. These findings suggested that several introductions of FAdVs were taken place in Bangladesh. To combat the disease, vaccination along with maintenance of biosecurity is essential.

Background: Endoscope and microscope are exclusively used in different middle ear pathologies as well as patients with attic cholesteatoma. However, straightforward information regarding surgical advances, postoperative results, and information about in which patients and how this surgical technique should be exclusively used is debatable. Aim: To compare the outcome of primary exclusive endoscopic ear surgery with those of the microscopic ear surgery in two groups of patients with cholesteatoma limited to the attic region. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2018 to December 2019, with 26 patients having cholesteatoma limited to the attic region. Patients were divided into two groups. One group of patients were submitted to atticotomy with tympanoplasty via microscopic ear surgery (MES) and a second group to exclusive trans-canal endoscopic ear surgery (EES). All the patients were followed up post-operatively up to 3 months with PTA. Results: Mean bone conduction threshold, air conduction threshold, and ABG has been reduced considerably in both groups (endoscopic and microscopic) at the end of three months postoperatively.There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups in terms of graft uptake success rate and the audiological success rate (p-value >0.05).Postoperatively, pain requiring analgesics wassignificantly lower (p<0.033) in theendoscopic group (23.1%) than in the microscopic group (69.2%). Conclusion: Audiological outcome and graft uptake success rates achieved by the endoscopic ear surgery were similar to the results obtained by the microscopic ear surgery in limited attic cholesteatoma. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(1): 103-111

Background: Incidence of laryngeal cancer still high among the upper aerodigestive tract. 85–95% of these laryngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. Locally advanced laryngeal cancer metastasize more. Supraglottic cancers have the highest prevalence of regional metastases among laryngeal cancers. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of regional metastasis in supraglottic carcinoma of larynx. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted including 40 patients with supraglottic Carcinoma of Larynx over a period of six months from June to November 2014 in the ENT and Head Neck Surgery department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi. Those with glottic carcinoma, subglottic carcinoma, hypopharyngeal carcinoma, metastatic neck node without any primary site (Occult primary) were excluded from the study. FNAC from neck node was done in patients with palpable neck node. Results: Most of the patients 19 (47.5%) was in age group 50-60 years with mean age 54.5±13.2 years. Most of the patients present with more than one symptom & the commonest presenting symptoms was cough and irritation 35(87.5%) followed by dysphagia 26(65%) and change of voice 24(60%). A good number of patients, 16(40%) was presented with neck swelling. Among 40 patients, 16(40%) had their regional lymph nodes involved. Level-II lymph nodes were involved in higher number of cases 10(62.5%). Nodes in early stage of involvement were found in most cases 9(56.5%). Homolateral involvement of nodes was found in most cases 13(81.3%).Most of the supraglottic growths 22(55.0%) was exophytic in appearance. The common site of supraglottic carcinoma in this study was aryepiglottic fold and arytenoids 20(50.0%). Among the patients, 31(77.5%) had T2 tumours. Amon them, 16(40%) were in stage-III followed by stage-II 10(25%). Conclusion: Regional metastasis is a very useful prognostic indicator. Supraglottis is rich in lymphatic drainage and a high proportion of these tumors spread to lymph nodes. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 28(2): 180-185

Background: The knowledge of the local pattern of infection and microorganisms in non-specific neck abscess is essential to enable efficacious treatment for it. Objective: To find out the pattern of bacteria responsible for developing non-specific neck abscess and to analyze the coverage rate of different empiric antimicrobial agents. Materials and methods: It is prospective observational type of study carried out into Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Department of Clinical Microbiology, ICDDR,B, Dhaka from1st January,2016 to 30th June, 2016. Total 100(Hundred) patients were included in this study. Data were analyzed using computer based programmed statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results: This study was done among 100 patients. In this study 42 cases (42%) were in the (31- 45) years age group. The male patients were 60 (60%) and female were 40 (40%). Majority of patients 70(70%) came from poor class family with 70 (70%) patients came from rural area, 50 (50%) patients had dental infection, 40(40%) patients were smoker, 35 (35%) patients had diabetes mellitus, all the cases (100%) presented with dysphagia and fever. The major complication was necrotizing fasciitis 8 (8%), common space was sub mandibular space (45%), Streptococcus 30 (30%) was the most common organism. Conclusion: The most frequently isolated organism in neck abscess is Streptococcus. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 29(1): 31-37