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Ulmus tree leaves were successfully used as a novel and efficient biosorbent for removing cadmium, (Cd(II)), from aqueous solutions in a batch system. A multivariate strategy for optimization of removal efficiency conditions of Cd(II) was carried out. A 2 3 full factorial design with three center points (9 runs) was performed for screening the main variables and reducing the large number of experimental runs. Initial concentration of metal ion (C m ), amount of sorbent (m), and pH were considered as the three main variables at two different levels. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(II) was achieved within 1 h contact time. It was found that all the main factors and their interactions were significant at p 5 0.05. Doehlert response surface methodology was utilized (13 runs) for finding a suitable mathematical model. The analysis of variance and some statistical tests such as lack-of-fit, coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and residual distribution plot confirmed the validity of the model. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Cd(II) by Ulmus tree leaves were found as pH ¼ 3.4, m (amount of sorbent) ¼ 0.128 g, C m (initial concentration of metal ion) ¼ 12.1 mg L À1 .

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