on tomato variety 765 planted on the 10 th of September for each season in an approximate area (315 m 2 ) in order to compare the efficiency of three Neonicotinoids [Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG), Imidacloprid (Best 25% WP ), Acetamiprid (Mospildate 20% SP)] in Nano and commercial formulation size using recommended dose for them and the half-recommended dose for nano-insecticides against tomato leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae). The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was applied with three replicates/ treatment and three control in a total of 21 plots. The replicate (plot) size was 3 ×3.5 m and consists of three rows planted with 5 plants/ row.The nano and commercial insecticide sizes showed highly significant results in reducing the infestations of mines in tomato during the studied seasons in the first and second week after (1 st and 2 nd ) spray compared with control. The nano-thiamethoxam 1x was the best for mines reduction followed by nano-acetamiprid, and nano-imidacloprid. However, there were no significant differences between commercial and nano-formulations in mines reduction % and the highest reductions showed by nano treatments. However, the treated tomato by the halfrecommended rate of nano and commercial formulations showed the same reduction results.
High persistent organochlorine (OC) insecticides are banned to be used in indoor. In some developing countries, they used for controlling vectors insects. Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides widely utilized to control which replaced OC occasionally. On the contrary, organophosphorus pesticides are widely used in the control of various insect pests of agricultural crops and fodder for animal production. In comparison with OC group, OP has highly toxic hazards and shortterm environmental degradation. Herein, we determine the organochlorine pesticide residues in tomato samples from various governorates in Upper Egypt. As a result, heptachlor-epoxide, dieldrin, aldrin, p, p'-DDE, and p, p'-DDT had the lowest residues in all tomato samples, with values of (0.61, 0.93, 1.38, 1.7, and 1.74 µg/ kg) for each pesticide residue, respectively, based on results of gas chromatography in tomato samples using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Further, heptachlor and methoxychlor was found to be the highest levels among the pesticide residues that detected (13.9 and 10.42 µg/ kg) respectively. For the OP insecticide residues, the collected samples of tomatoes from Assiut, New Valley, El-Minia and Sohag were no residues to be found. Further studies of continues monitoring OC and OP residues of pesticides in different ecosystems septically in table vegetables and fruit should be applied.
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