Levan is produced by a species of Bacillus in a tightly controlled fermentation of sugar .Aims of this work to valorize agro waste in producing levan (the fructooligosaccharide) and optimize fermentation conditions for microbial production of levan polymer using respons surface methodology.The variables studied were pH, temperature, inoculum size, incubation period and light using sugar cane molasses as substrate and under the optimal environmental condition determined in this experiment, we conducted another experiment to study the effect of another two variables tween 80 surfactant concentration and the dry weight of bagasse using sugar cane bagasse as substrate . Also to purify levan from Bacillus sp culture media, characterization the levan polymer by H 1 NMR spectroscopy and physicochemical properties and to estimate it as glucose using colorimetric phenol sulphuric acid method.

There is regenerate interest in the sugar industry to get to high performance in color removal during clarification process of raw sugar melt. Many efforts have conducted to approach the most proper alternative decolorants. The present study is focusing on investigation of cationic color precipitants "CCP" as alternatives of "H2O2" in clarification of raw sugar melt in Egypt. The experiments have performed using a pilot plant at Quos sugar factory, Qena governorate, Egypt. In these experiments, a comparison between two types of "CCP" (S TYPE 20 and TACELENE 4015) have been evaluated from the standpoint of decolorization efficiency. The behavior of the most effective matter has studied via the effect of dosage, pH, retention time and feeding point on the decolorization efficiency. A comparison between S TYPE 20 and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 in decolorization of raw sugar melt has conducted. The results show that, (S TYPE 20) is more effective than (TACELENE 4015) with percentage of color removal of 33.11% and 20.70% respectively. In addition, the results

The goal of the transportation model is to improve the time or cost of transportation from the source to the destination. This paper aims to study the scheduling of the movement of transportation busses for the Public Transport Authority in Cairo, Egypt in the morning from the garages to the departure stations to reduce the time of the transportation trip and thus reduce the cost of the transportation trip. All the necessary data were collected manually through the busses commuting schedules datasheets in the morning for 30 days and preparation of the transportation model and calculation for minimizing the transportation time have been done using LINGO. The results of this studying reveal that the total waste time of the busses trips can be reduced from 7685 minutes to 5677 minutes by redistribution of the busses trip, which represents about 26 % of the actual times. and saves about 20% of the amount of fuel consumed per day.