As water is the backbone of life and the essence of human survival, it has become very necessary to monitor the quality of water resources, In recent years, remote sensing techniques have been introduced on a large scale in the various branches of sciences, the latest technologies of the remote sensing are used through a system assembled in a laboratory that works as an intensity measuring device for the incident and reflected light from objects. The new system is used to calculate the spectral signature within the visible bands of polluted water on a part of the Tigris River in Baghdad. In addition, conducting field tests to verify the reliability of the satellite images of the same study area, noting that these visuals are made through which the spectral footprint of any area in the space image is calculated and after making field measurements on polluted water and comparing it with the actual behavior of the reflected energy from these waters. The results were in conformity with the field measurements and it becomes possible for the beneficiaries to use this technology as a tool to monitor the quality of water by using the spectral signature of water.

In numerous countries, one of the most significant pieces of background records is a religious endowment that usually called (WAQF), which have a cultural, and economic value. For instance, in Iraq, religious endowments comprise a large number of dispersed real estates and lands usually required effective administration methods. Agricultural lands that belonged to religious endowments lack of sufficient systems, which are combined statistical and spatial information in terms of spatial monitoring and informatics updating such as ownership and existing condition. Recently, geospatial techniques such as GIS showed a feasibility in the management of information belonged to lands management. Therefore, in this study we proposed a method based on GIS technology for the management of lands of Islamic endowments in Babil province, Iraq. The proposed methodology included the integration between field works using GPS equipment and Geospatial database. The developed database is considered as the first geodatabase related to the agricultural lands of the religious endowment in Iraq included almost all coordinates and specific details for each piece of agricultural lands that owned by the endowment. Furthermore, the output geodatabase is a flexible database included various features like query, search, and statistical computation.

In the previous two decades, there has been a rapid and remarkable development in the field of communication technologies to encompass many joints of social life, especially devices for daily use, from mobile phones to laptops, to microwave transmitting and receiving towers, in addition to electromagnetic induction furnaces. This puts us in the fact that we are currently inside a multi-spectrum electromagnetic cloud. In this research, the effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation and checking the negative side effects on the human body was studied through the use of remote sensing techniques, an electromagnetic radiation intensity measuring device for some devices circulating daily with humans, i.e. mobile phones, to assess the effect of this radiation emitted on human health. The study adopts elementary standards to determine the value of the radioactive energy and its effect on human organs after taking samples from cell phones. In addition, the results show that the effects of radiation depend on depends on the time of exposure.

Land cover explains the physical nature of the Earth’s surface in a specific area. Land cover is a reflection of the Earth’s surface’s observable spatial cover comprising complex classes such as agricultural areas, built-up areas, barren lands, forests, water bodies, as well as wetlands. change detection and monitoring of the land cover assist decision-makers to understand the dynamics of the environmental change to assure sustainability development. Hence land cover feature classification has appeared as a serious research aspect and thus, an accurate methodology for land cover categorizing it became an urgent necessity at this time. This study focuses to find the association between surface temperature and the spectral indices of the land cover. The spectral indices of the land cover such as (NDVI, NDBI, NDBAI, and NDWI) were compared with land surface temperature (LST) and computed the correlation coefficient, just using three images on March 18, July 24 as well as 31 December in 2018, indicating a high positive correlation coefficient among (NDBI, NDBAI) and (LST) and recorded (by built-up areas R= 0.99, R= 0.97 and R= 0.98) ) and (with bare areas R= 0.94, R= 0.98 and R= 0.99), respectively. An inverse correlation coefficient among (NDVI, NDWI) and (LST) where the results recorded a correlation coefficient with (the agricultural areas R= - 0.97, R= - 0.96 and R= - 0.95) and the correlation coefficient with (water bodies R = - 0.93, R= - 0.90 and R= - 0.58) respectively.

The analysis of the hyperspectral image is an important method used in mineral detection. A map of the Feldspar mineral will produced for the study area, which lies to the west of the holy province of Karbala and limited in image that download from USGS website (type hyperspectral image from EO-1 satellite) , by using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique in the Erdas software, which is based on calculating the spectral reflection curve of any point on the image and the spectral reflection curve of feldspar mineral that is available in the spectral library of the software. For the purpose of verifying the results of the image analysis, ground truth ( field work ) was used by collecting 12 soil samples and finding the spectral curve for each sample by the spectral analysis device (ASD) and the result show the match between image and ground, where produced Feldspar mineral map.