Although there are many articles in the literature on the etiology, classification, and management of gynecomastia, the entity of unilateral gynecomastia has not received much attention. In this article, 15 consecutive males (seen over a 10-year period) with unilateral gynecomastia were retrospectively reviewed. The study showed the unique presentation in this group of patients. One third of the patients (n = 5) had "cancer phobia" and were worried either because of the presence of a mass (n = 2) or because of the unilaterality of their disease (n = 3). The study also showed the predominance of true (glandular) gynecomastia, and this has also been observed in other cases of unilateral involvement in the literature. All patients underwent preoperative mammography. Mammographic findings were consistent with gynecomastia in all patients, including the 2 patients with concurrent breast masses. All patients underwent subcutaneous mastectomy, and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. Finally, the literature on unilateral gynecomastia was reviewed.

The paper provides a novel technique for merging graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) within aluminium matrix (AA 6061) by continuous drive friction welding (CDFW). The welding processes were done at 1400 rpm and 2000 rpm rotational speeds with two different frictional loads 2000 N and 2500 N for 5 sec and 7 sec welding times. The welded joints were subjected to tensile and hardness tests. The heating-cooling cycles through the welding process were monitored. The microstructure investigation was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The effect of welding conditions on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) results of AA 6061 and AA 6061/GNPs were completely studied in details. There is no big detectable variation in the mean hardness values due to the GNPs addition. The best welding conditions for achieving the highest mechanical properties were defined. The presence of GNPs in the welded joints results in lower heating at the welded joint at the same welding conditions. Finer grain structure and homogeneous distribution for the GNPs within the welding zone were observed.

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