Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes major health hazards in poultry birds in Bangladesh which results in huge economic losses every year. This study was carried out to estimate and analyze the prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in commercial layer chickens at Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh during the period from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 505 serum samples from 94 commercial layer farms of Kishoreganj Sadar Upazila and Pakundia Upazila of Kishoreganj district were collected. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) was performed to detect the antibody against MG. Prevalence was found 73% in the Kishoreganj district by SPA test. MG was significantly (P<0.01) more prevalent in Pakundia Upazila 82% than Kishoreganj Sadar Upazila 61.11%. In case of season, winter season had significantly higher (X^2=30.94, p=0.000) prevalence of MG infection. In relation to age, seroprevalence of MG infection was highest 78% in birds of 65 weeks' age and lowest 71% in 6-25 weeks' age birds. Any significant (P>0.05) association was not found between flock size and seroprevalence of MG. Seroprevalence was highest in flock containing above 2600 birds. MG infection is prevalent in the chicken population of Kishoreganj district, Bangladesh. Measures should be taken for successful prevention and control of this disease in Bangladesh.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the livelihood improvement of farmers through cattle fattening in selected areas (Mymensingh Sadar and Fulbaria Upazilla) in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh through field survey. Total of 30 respondents were randomly selected from the three villages. Each village consists of 10 respondents. Data were collected from randomly selected 30 farmers who were involved in small scale cattle fattening through personal interviews. The selected characteristics were the socio-economic conditions of the farmer such as age, level of education, occupation, household size, land size, source of capital, family income from cattle fattening, farm size, etc. The respondents were aged from 25 to 60 years. The highest proportion (56.7 percent) of farmers was in the middle-aged. The education levels among the respondents were 46.7 percent illiterate, 33.3 percent primary level, 13.3 percent up to S.S.C level and 6.7 percent of H.S.C or above. Among the respondents, 33.3 percent were involved in cattle fattening as primary occupation and 67.3 percent were involved in cattle fattening as a secondary occupation. About 83.3 percent of respondents were used own capital for fattening purpose and 16.7 percent respondents had bank loan or NGO loan facilities for fattening purposes. The income of the respondents' family from cattle was BDT 11283.33 which was contributed 31.39 percent to the increased family income. The results show that cattle fattening could be the most suitable way to increase the socio-economic status of the poor farmers in terms of net income.

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