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Pollution is a major threat to sustainability of river in Malaysia and other parts of the world. The pollution of rivers results in high cost of water tariffs, threat to life and the ecosystem, reduction in water quality, and high cost of cleaning up the rivers. It affects the physical, chemical and biological composition of the river. River is a major source of water in Malaysia and the Department of Environment (DoE) of Malaysia classifies rivers into five different classes based on water quality index (DoE-WQI). The sources of river pollution include surface runoff, sullage and effluent discharge from industries and sewage treatment plants (Juahir, H. et al, 2011; Mohamed, I., et al. 2015). To ensure the water quality (WQ) of river in Malaysia, several initiatives have been taken by the Malaysian government. Two methods that are commonly employed to ensure WQ are manual water quality monitoring (MWQM) and continuous water quality monitoring (CWQM). These methods are costly and less efficient in identifying the Abstract: River is a major source of water in Malaysia and one of the major threats to its sustainability is pollution. The existing methods for monitoring of water quality in rivers are manual monitoring and continuous monitoring. These methods are costly and less efficient. Hence, we propose a smart river monitoring system (SRMS) that uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones and low power wide area (LPWA) communication technology. The Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytic are promising techniques which provide real-time monitoring and enhances efficiency. However, due to the span of river that needs to be monitored, conventional communication technology such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth are not suitable. Hence, there is the need for LPWA communication technology. We discuss the application of LPWA and UAV for sustainability of rivers in Malaysia as a case study. Preliminary results show that the use of UAV will increase the efficiency of measuring the water quality parameters compared to manual monitoring method. Also, real-time monitoring enables us to study the changes in water quality. Finally, we provide future direction in the application of UAV and LPWA for sustainability in river.

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