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Persistent cases of Salmonella infection have urged great attention and surveillance on this foodborne pathogen. Salmonella continues to be a significant foodborne disease worldwide for both animals and people in the twenty-first century. It is one of the leading causes of foodborne pathogens infecting animals and humans. Salmonellosis is a principal cause of food poisoning and is, hence, a severe public health problem. The history, classification and nomenclature of Salmonella, as well as its characteristics, clinical manifestations, epidemiology and route of contamination, will be covered in this chapter to help readers gain a better understanding and overview of this microbe.