Perubahan segmen menjadi satu segmen yang lain ialah fenomena yang lazim berlaku dalam sesebuah dialek ataupun bahasa. Namun begitu, perubahan kepada beberapa segmen yang lain merupakan fenomena fonologi yang tidak lazim berlaku dan hanya segelintir kajian yang membincangkannya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perilaku fonologi vokal tengah schwa dalam dialek Minangkabau di Semenanjung Malaysia yang berubah kepada beberapa segmen yang lain dan menjelaskan setiap perilaku fonologi tersebut menggunakan analisis fitur dalam teori Transformasi Generatif yang diperkenalkan oleh Chomsky dan Halle (1968). Data dialek Minangkabau dalam kajian ini diperoleh daripada kajian lepas oleh Asmah et al. (2013) dan Ernawati (2019) yang diambil di Kampung Sesapan Batu Minangkabau, Beranang. Sejumlah 219 perkataan yang mempamerkan perilaku vokal schwa telah diambil untuk tujuan analisis, iaitu 211 perkataan daripada Asmah et al. (2013) dan lapan perkataan daripada Ernawati (2019). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat perilaku fonologi vokal schwa dalam dialek Minangkabau, iaitu (1) perubahan schwa kepada vokal [a], (2) perubahan schwa kepada vokal, (3) pengekalan vokal schwa di output, dan (4) pengguguran schwa dan segmen yang mengikutinya.
In the news, there are lexical and phrasal uses that are taxing and metaphorical but can be easily processed by the cognition of the reader. This study applies the ad hoc concepts of narrowing and expansion found in the Relevance Theory introduced by Barsalou (1987). Using data obtained from the Malaysiakini portal, the researcher analyzed the real meaning intended by the Malaysiakini author in the lexical items "menghidupkan" (animate) and "melindungi" (protect), as well as the phrase "mata pencarian" (livelihood). The results showed that the use of the ad hoc concept of narrowing succeeded in finding a total of six inferences for the lexical item "menghidupkan" and 13 inferences for the lexical item "melindungi" that could be categorized into four forms. The use of the ad hoc concept of expansion, on the other hand, succeeded in producing up to three implicature assumptions for the phrase "mata pencarian". Thus, it is evident that the lexical items and phrase have their actual meaning as intended by the author. The ambiguity of meaning can be detected through the analysis of the ad hoc concepts of narrowing and expansion.
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