Objectives To determine the most preferable endoluminal contrast agent among mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), iohexol, and water by comparing various qualitative (distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity) and quantitative parameters (distension) along with artifacts and patient feedback for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods This was a prospective study including 120 patients of age more than or equal to 18 years who were randomized equally into four groups. Group 1 was given 1500 mL of 3% mannitol solution, group 2 was given 1500 mL of PEG, group 3 was given 20 mL of iohexol dissolved in 1500 mL of water, and group 4 was given 1500 mL of plain water. CTE was done and images were evaluated in axial and coronal planes. Various quantitative and qualitative parameters were taken at the level of second part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ileocecal junction (ICJ). Artifacts and patient feedback were also taken into consideration. Results The quantitative distension and grading, qualitative distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity of the second part of duodenum, jejunum at the level of superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery and renal artery on both sides of abdomen, ileum at the level of aortic bifurcation, common iliac bifurcation, and deep pelvis on both sides of abdomen and ICJ were significantly more in PEG group as compared with mannitol group, followed by iohexol and water group. The results were calculated by ANOVA test using p-value. In terms of patient feedback and artifacts, water was the best agent. Conclusions PEG is the most suitable contrast agent to carry out CTE. Distension, fold visibility, and homogeneity are the essential features for a better diagnostic outcome of CTE, which was better with PEG.

INTRODUCTIONPlants have been utilized worldwide to cure several diseases since time immemorial and as per World Health Organization, about 80% of individuals globally still use them (Tugume and Nyakoojo, 2019). The herbal-based medicine could be a novel approach to the replacement of synthetic drugs like aspirin, orlistat, ibuprofen, and others due to their adverse effect of the later on human health (Jagessar, 2020;Maqbool et al., 2019). Plant-based medications are safe, and efficacious owing to the presence of diverse phytoconstituents (Tugume and Nyakoojo, 2019; WHO, 2013). In this context, Allium fistulosum L. can be utilized as a useful herbal drug candidate to treat various human diseases. Allium fistulosum commonly known as Welsh onion, is a member of the family Amaryllidaceae. It is grown in Asia, including Korea, Japan, China, and Vietnam (Lee et al., 2018).Allium fistulosum is a commonly used vegetable crop in various Eastern countries including Japan, Korea, and China (Sung et al., 2018). Western countries have used Welsh onion as traditional medicine against flu, abdominal pain, constipation, headache, arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, parasitic infestations, cardiac diseases (Sung et al., 2018), colon diseases (Chang et al., 2016), as well as against hypercholesterolemia (Bhat and Nagandram, 2001). In traditional Chinese medicine, Welsh onion is recommended against renal deficiency, dizziness, and cold (Lai et al., 2010), and is also used for the common cold in Japan (Bhat and Nagandram, 2001). Further, plant parts like flowers, leaves, stems, and roots have been used to lower blood pressure, treat cancer, inhibit bacterial strains, and resist viruses, also stem and roots are used as antipyretic and also against the common cold in China (Zhai et al., 2015). The bulbs are used to enhance vision in China (Longe, 2005). Subsequently, the plant is used as an immunity booster in Japan (Ueda et al., 2012). Interestingly, A. fistulosum congee (A. fistulosum and Oryza sativa mixture) was found effective in treating numerous COVID-19 patients at an

In the present era of increasing road-traffic accidents, facial trauma of variable severity is being frequently encountered involving the orbits and sinuses. Post-traumatic, fronto-ethmoidal and orbital encephaloceles are rare entities requiring early intervention to prevent complications. Cross-sectional imaging by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a pivotal role in early detection of these entities. Hence in this article, we are describing a rare case of post-traumatic encephalocele with fronto-ethmoidal and orbital components with its clinical presentation which was diagnosed confidently by magnetic resonance imaging affecting the final management.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related mortality with rectal cancer representing a significant proportion. Cross-sectional imaging techniques especially computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in preoperative staging of rectal cancer. There has always been a debate about the single best imaging modality for staging of rectal cancer in order to achieve the best surgical outcome. Hence, this article focuses on the comparative role of CT & MRI in staging of rectal cancers.

Background: Myocysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by encysted larvae of taenia solium. The infection occurs due to ingestion of taenia eggs in raw or undercooked pork, contaminated water or vegetables which are disseminated by hematogenous route to various tissues of the human body. Myocysticercosis occurs due to muscular involvement by the parasite and is more common in population having poor access to sanitation facilities. Ultrasonography is a convenient, easily accessible and cost effective modality which can be used to demonstrate the various appearances of myocysticercosis. FNAC is diagnostic and helpful in identifying the parasite and its body parts. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the role of ultrasonogaphy in the diagnosis of myocysticercosis. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in the Radiology department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad. We included 50 pathologically confirmed cases of myocysticercosis who had undergone ultrasound evaluation by linear ultrasound probe 9L4 of Siemens Acuson S2000 ultrasound machine Results: Out of 50 patients that were enrolled in our study , the most common appearance was of well defined cystic lesion of variable size with an eccentric, echogenic scolex. Other appearances include ill defined cystic lesion with or without scolex or a completely calcified myocysticercosis. Most common location was found to be anterior abdominal wall followed by lower extremities, upper extremities and facial muscles subsequently. Conclusion: We concluded that ultrasound is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of mycocysticercosis with characteristic diagnostic appearances.