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In this position paper we present IT-centered challenges that lie in designing an architecture for a flexible, open, transferable, and replicable smart city ecosystem spanning a plethora of suppliers and systems. The background is the smart city and energy project +CityxChange. Its vision is to enable the co-creation and development of Positive Energy Blocks in smart sustainable cities. It will include the development of a framework and supporting tools to enable a common energy market, supported by a connected community and city integration. It will explore influences of the energy transition into city operations and urban planning, the integration of e-Mobility as a Service (eMaaS) into positive energy communities, and the growth of local trading markets and new business models. Digitalization, open architectures, and open data need to support these processes for open urban innovation in the ICT-enabled city.

Abstract-Software applications play a major role to support the smartness in Smart Grid. Such applications are in a neverending state of flux due to rapidly changing expectations from the users and stakeholders. Hence, evolution is an important matter for development of Smart Grid software applications and the challenging factors of software evolution in Smart Grid should be identified. This position paper presents a discussion on the Smart Grid software applications as an ultra-large-scale system, focusing on the possible challenges that need to be addressed for an effective and efficient evolution of the area.Index Terms-Smart Grid, software applications, software evolution, systems of systems, ultra-large-scale system.

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