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Antibody production against RBC antigens makes hard condition in regular blood transfusion. Double antibodies production may more complicate this situation. Thus, it is advisable to phenotype patients and matches the red cells in multiply transfused thalassemia patients.

Background As the frequency of human platelet antigens varies between different ethnic groups and the data about the HPA gene frequency in Iran have been absent yet, the purpose of this study was to determine HPA‐1 to HPA‐5 and HPA‐15 allele frequency among Iranians. Materials and methods HPA‐1, HPA‐2, HPA‐3, HPA‐4, HPA‐5 and HPA‐15 typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific primer techniques (PCR‐SSP) for 210 subjects [Including 100 blood donors, 55 hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recipient/donor pairs]. Results The frequencies of HPA phenotypes were determined as follows: HPA‐1a/1a: 98%, HPA‐1a/1b:2%, HPA‐2a/2a: 8/.5%, HPA‐2a/2b: 91·5%, HPA‐3a/3a: 21%, HPA‐3a/3b: 67·2%, HPA‐3b/3b: 22·8%, HPA‐4a/4a: 100%, HPA‐5a/5a: 99·5%, HPA‐5a/5b: 0·5%, HPA‐15a/15a: 14·2%, HPA‐15a/15b: 67·2% and HPA‐15b/15b: 18·6%. Conclusion HPA‐4b was absent and there was not any homozygosity for HPA‐1b/1b, HPA‐2b/2b and HPA‐5b/5b besides no HPA‐1b/b, HPA‐2b/b and HPA‐5b/b homozygosity was found. So it seems that HPA‐1a, HPA‐2a, HPA‐4a and HPA‐5a might not be involved in the alloimmunization and transfusion reactions on the Iranian population but HPA‐15a and HPA3a. Furthermore, extensive studies covering diverse ethnic groups, in the field of platelet immunobiology, will help to find the local pattern more precisely.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the functional abnormalities of osteopontin (OPN), NF-kB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR/PTEN pathway or β-catenin have been considered. Aim: To analyze the response of U937 cells to parthenolide (PTL) through the involvement of expression of OPN protein, RelB, AKT1, mTOR, PTEN and β-catenin genes. Materials and Methods: The U937 cells were treated with PTL at concentrations of 4 μM (IC25) or 6 μM (IC50) and with OPN siRNA for MTT assay and colony forming assay. Western blot analysis using antibodies against OPN was performed with lysates of PTL-treated cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers for OPN siRNA, RelB, AKT1, mTOR, PTEN and β-catenin. Results: PTL reduces OPN protein level and down-regulates RelB mRNA in U937 cell line. Suppression of OPN with siRNA increases the cytotoxic effects of PTL. Also, mRNA expression of AKT1, mTOR, PTEN, and β-catenin decreases with PTL or OPN siRNA. Conclusion: Sensitivity of U937 cells to PTL can be associated with the reduction in expression of prosurvival mediators.