The present study was carried out for detection and identification of the isolated FMDV from infected tissue samples using serotyping antigen detection ELISA kit (IZSLER ELISA Kit).Thirty six lesion samples were collected from different localities (Menofia, Gharbia, Kalyoubia, Giza and Sharquia governorates) during the period from May 2014 to July 2015.The obtained results indicated that clinically, unvaccinated infected cattle in Gharbia governorate 2014were positive to FMDV infection serotype O. Samples collected from infected, vaccinated cattle and buffaloes in Kalyoubia governorate during 2015 were positive to FMDV infection serotype O. Clinically infected cattle and buffaloes in Menofia governorate during 2015 seven samples were positive to FMDV infection, which serotyped as five samples were serotype O & two samples were SAT-2. Clinically infected cattle and buffaloes in Giza governorate during 2015 sixteen samples were positive to FMDV infection, which eight samples from them serotyped as SAT-2 & seven samples from them were serotype O & one of them was serotyped A. Clinically infected un vaccinated cattle in Sharquia governorate 2015 three samples were positive to FMDV infection serotype A. We concluded that large number of both vaccinated and un vaccinated animals in these governorates affected by FMDV infection by its different serotypes in the period of the study, and there are different factors affecting prevalence of FMDV as (age, state of vaccination, type of vaccination, sex, season and species).

Poultry production considers one of the most important activities for economy and income in many countries. Proper management and hygiene in poultry hatchery mostly depend on efficient cleaning and sanitation of the hatchery environment and hatching eggs for production high quality newly hatched chicks. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some disinfectants (Aquavinol ® 5%, Presept ® 2.5%, Poviment ® and MM8 ® ) at various concentrations 1%, 1.5% and 2% at different contact times 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes against E.coli and salmonella which were isolated from the poultry hatcheries at a titer of 3×10 6 /cm 2 . Our results showed that Aquavinol ® 5% was the highest powerful disinfectant against these pathogens, followed by Presept ® 2.5% and then Poviment ® , while MM8 ® was the weakest disinfectant at the same conditions. Our study concluded that the prevention and control of infections depend on the disinfectant of choice that must be applied with sufficient concentration at proper exposure time to achieve the best powerful effect on microorganisms with low costs Disinfectants E.coli Poultry hatcheriesSalmonella.

The present work was carried out to study the effect of seasonal variations on the levels of pesticide residues in water, feeds and milk. Our results illustrated that the significantly highest concentrations of OCs in water and feed were detected during summer [(1.05±0.35, 0.72±0.24, 0.77±0.25, 2.5±0.70 and 0.81±0.27 µg/L, for p.p.DDT, aldrin, β-BHC, lindane and γ.chlordane respectively in water samples) and (30.0±10.20, 45.00±13.02, 65.33±21.90, 35.33±13.20, 43.67±13.30, 22.00±7.33 and 19.13±8.6 µg /kg, for p.p.DDD, p.p.DDE, p.p.DDT, aldrin, lindane, γ.chlordane and methoxychlor, respectively in feed samples) ], while the lowest were detected during spring, on the other hand, none of pesticides detected in winter which may be attributed to environmental factors. The significantly highest concentration of diazinon in water and feed was recorded during autumn (78.75±26.30 µg/L and 140.00±64.60 µg/kg, respectively), while the lowest levels were detected during spring. Also, the highest concentrations of deltamethrin was detected during spring in water (55.30±18.50 µg/L) and during summer in feed samples (78.40±26.70 µg/kg), while the lowest levels were detected during autumn in water and during spring in feed samples. The significantly highest concentrations of residues in milk were detected during summer (p.p.