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Natural hazards are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude owing to climate change and urbanisation. Therefore, disaster risk management (DRM) and related issues have recently come to the fore and become an essential need. The Hyogo framework for action (HFA) noted the importance of ensuring that the disaster risk reduction (DRR) is considered a national and local priority as well through the assessment and monitoring of the DRM. This paper aims at presenting an adequate method to evaluate the DRM system to form a comprehensive view of its strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, a framework is presented to assess the national DRM through a quantitative method for evaluating its efficiency criteria. In order to do that, a set of indicators is established to evaluate these criteria. Egyptian DRM is evaluated using the proposed framework to identify the weaknesses associated with the current system and the challenges facing it.

Natural ventilation considered a one of challenges of the green building design. This paper introduces a preliminary study for measuring the extent of natural ventilation on thermal comfort to the impact of indoor air quality in the residential building in the city of New Borg El Arab (Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, E-JUST as example) in relation to air velocity, relative humidity, and air temperature. New Borg El Arab climate in the site location is semi-arid Mediterranean climate, this type of climate is characterized by a brief, mild, moderate rain in winter and long warm summer months with no rain. To apply this study, a methodological procedure has been followed. A field study is conducted in a one flat from the building of the E-JUST to assess the indoor thermal conditions based on adaptive standard comfort model during the month of climate change (October through 3 experimental measuring 1st, middle, and last of the month). The indoor measured data of air temperature, air velocity and relative humidity were used to check if the apartment that choose as a case study complies the thermal comfort or not by using ASHRAE psychrometric chart. Personal observations, field measurements and ASHRAE psychrometric chart analyses show that there is significant thermal discomfort inside the domain. The results indicated that the indoor air quality in many of the cases didn't achieve the thermal comfort for most time. This is because there is no circulation for natural ventilation in this orientation of the domain.

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