Great variation has been reported in worldwide prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM). South America has the highest regional prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of MIH HSPM in 6- to 12-year-old children who received care at two dental healthcare services (public and private) in Caracas Metropolitan Area, Venezuela. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 145 children, of whom 121 were selected in the stratified random sample. A calibrated examiner (Kappa=0.878/0.831) evaluated all patients following the MIH diagnosis criteria established by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and using a valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. Of the 121 children, 46.28% (56) were male and 53.72% (65) female, average age 8.83 ± 1.61. The prevalence of MIH/HSPM was 25.6%/20%. Both enamel defects were more prevalent in females (p-value=0.026/0.005). Severe MIH/HSPM was present in 21.8%/31.2% of cases. Average number of affected teeth was 4.16 ± 2.19/1.68 ± 0.74; and the condition was more frequent in upper molars (67.7%/51.4%). It was concluded that prevalence of MIH in 6- to 12-year-old Venezuelan children who received care in Caracas Metropolitan Area was higher than the previously estimated prevalence for South America, with predominance of mild affectation and more frequently occurring in upper molars.

El maracuyá amarillo es un cultivo de importancia económica para el Valle del Cauca, pero en los últimos años ha presentado una reducción de hasta un 80% en la producción debido a problemas virales. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y caracterizar molecularmente un Begomovirus que está afectando cultivos de maracuyá amarillo localizados en dos zonas del Valle del Cauca, La Unión y Palmira. Se colectaron hojas de maracuyá con síntomas típicos de enfermedad viral, se purificó su DNA genómico y se identificó la presencia de Begomovirus bipartitas mediante PCR empleando cebadores degenerados. Cuatro genomas virales parciales obtenidos de muestras vegetales colectadas en La Unión y Palmira fueron clonados, secuenciados y analizados. El análisis de secuencia del Begomovirus que está afectando maracuyá amarillo en Colombia con otros reportados en la base de datos, indica que éste es un  Begomovirus bipartita nuevo que tiene una relación cercana con un Begomovirus aislado de frijol y no tiene ninguna relación con Passionfruit severe leaf distortion virus, un Begomovirus reportado previamente afectando maracuyá amarillo en Brasil. Para nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer reporte de un nuevo Begomovirus bipartita que afecta maracuyá amarillo en Colombia y es diferente de otros Begomovirus previamente reportados a nivel mundial afectando este cultivo.

Introduction: therapeutic options for incisors affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization range from very conservative procedures to those considered to be more invasive. Clinicians must select the appropriate approach, considering the outcomes of the procedures. Methods: this case series presents clinical outcomes of five female patients with aesthetic complaints associated with the Molar Incisor Hipomineralization. Results: macroabrasion, microabrasion and dental vital bleaching were used as combination techniques in three cases. Resin infiltration was indicated for a specific case, considering the oncoming orthodontic treatment. Composite restoration was performed in one patient with posteruptive enamel breakdown. Conclusions: clinicians must select the appropriate approach according to an individualized evaluation of each case, considering factors such as the patient's expectations, dental age, psychosocial period, the severity of the condition, presence of sensitivity and the presumed aesthetic result of the selected treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are presented.