Introduction: The nasal septal swell body is an area in the nasal septum located superior to the inferior turbinate, and anterior to the middle turbinate. It is closely associated with the internal nasal valve, in addition to being included among the expansile tissues of the anterior nose, which suggests that it significantly interferes with nasal airflow resistance. Objective: The present study aimed to histologically evaluate the composition of the septal mucosa in the septal body area, while comparing it with the posterior septal region, and to discover its role in nasal physiology. Methods: To perform the histological analysis, samples of the septal body mucosa and of the posterior septal mucosa of 20 patients were collected, and then the differences regarding cellular constitution, blood vessels (sinusoid and arterial) and connective tissue were outlined. Results: A larger number of venous sinusoids was noticed in the nasal septal body area, compared to the posterior septal mucosa, and less glandular-like tissue in the nasal septal body. Conclusion: The erectile tissue characteristic of the nasal septal body may play a role in the physiology of nasal obstruction, but new studies with different groups of patients are needed to define its actual role.