Los cursos online masivos y abiertos (MOOC) se han convertido en un fenómeno educativo emergente con un enorme potencial de transformación y democratización educativa. Luego de casi una década de su primer lanzamiento, gran cantidad de investigación se ha realizado para intentar comprender sus alcances y limitaciones como instrumento de aprendizaje flexible y personalizado. Con el propósito de aumentar tal comprensión, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2019 acerca de los MOOC. Se aplicó un método de 6 pasos para revisar 486 estudios, a partir de procesos de filtrado, abstracting, lectura en profundidad y extracción e interpretación de datos. Los resultados muestran una gran cantidad y diversidad de focos de investigación sobre los MOOC, algunos en auge, otros en declive y otros de naturaleza efímera. Se resaltan entre ellos las Prácticas Educativas Abiertas, el diseño de los MOOC, el engagement, la deserción y el conectivismo. Los focos de investigación representan las principales preocupaciones de educadores e investigadores sobre lo que pareciera ser el advenimiento de un nuevo orden educativo que soportaría el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y los entornos de aprendizaje enmarcados en la sociedad 4.0. Massive and open online courses (MOOC) have become an emerging educational phenomenon with enormous potential for educational transformation and democratization. After almost a decade of its first launch, a great deal of research has been carried out to try to understand its scope and limitations as a flexible and personalized learning instrument. In order to increase such understanding, a systematic review of literature on studies published between 2009 and 2019 about MOOCs has been carried out.A 6-step method was applied to review 486 studies, based on filtering, abstracting, in-depth reading and data extraction and interpretation processes.The results show a large number and diversity of research focuses on MOOCs, some booming, others in decline and others of ephemeral nature. Among them are the Open Educational Practices, the design of MOOCs, the generation of engagement, dropout and connectivism.The research focuses represent the main concerns of educators and researchers regarding what appears to be the advent of a new educational order, which currently supports lifelong learning and future learning environments framed in society 4.0.
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