are both based at KISTEP, Technology Foresight Division, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Heyoung Yang is Senior Research Fellow at KISTEP, Future Planning Division, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Abstract Purpose -The aim of this paper is to describe procedural characteristics of the 4th technology foresight (TF) using search engines to discover emerging issues; analytic framework development to discover future needs; future technologies considering future needs as well as technology development; detailed description of future technology; analytical discussions of Delphi survey results; developing spatial-specific scenarios and illustrations; and examining possible adverse effects of future technologies. Korea performs TF every 5 years to establish science and technology policy and strategies. In the 4th TF, future technologies that might be developed by 2035 were discovered and Delphi survey was conducted to examine current development status, anticipated times of technology development and public use, plans to secure these technologies, etc.Design/methodology/approach -This paper divides procedure employed in the 4th TF into three steps and explains seven characteristics related to its procedure. Findings -Improvement of the TF procedure will increase the reliability and applicability of its results. Originality/value -This paper consists of original results which include improved procedure and its implication by researchers who participated in the 4th TF. It will provide a useful example for other nations, hoping to introduce TF to set up national science and technology policy.

Technology level assessment which is to evaluate a present position of technological capacity is one of the most basic studies for national S&T planning.

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