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This study aims to investigate the in vitro immunitary impacts and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Maprounea africana (Euphorbiaceae) leaves and Mitragyna stipulosa (Rubiaceae) stem barks. Impact on leukocyte cells (total lymphocyte, polynuclears, monocyte, NK, TCD8 and TCD4) was quantified by using flow cytometry and, antioxidant activity by quantification of hydrogen peroxide production after immunomarking of specific monoclonal antibodies. The results showed a significant descrease of total lymphocyte, polynuclear, NK, TCD8 and, a non-significant descrease of TCD4 and monocyte induces by aqueous extract of M. africana leaves. Whereas aqueous extract of the stem bark of M. stipulosa induces a significant increase of total lymphocyte, TCD4, NK, TCD8 and, a significant descrease of polynuclear and monocyte. The two extracts significantly reduce (p˂0.001) the production of hydrogen peroxid by polynuclear, lymphocytes and monocytes. These results suggest an immunomodulatory and immunostimulant effect of M. africana and M. stipulosa respectively and, antioxidant activity. The present study established pharmacological evidence to support traditional uses of these two species and may open up the possibility of finding the new compounds against immunological desseases.

The smothered fish samples were taken from 3 markets. They were grown on different selective and differentiated culture media to target groups of bacteria associated with food poisoning. Isolates were identified on the basis of cellular and colonial morphologies on selective and differentiated culture media, followed by susceptibility testing to certain families of antibiotics, in particular beta-lactams. This study showed that S. aureus and B. cereus had high levels of beta-lactam resistance. However, these strains were sensitive to kanamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. The characteristic penicillinase phenotype was dominant in Gram-positive bacteria. Shigella spp, Salmonella spp and E. coli were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Tobramycin and meropenem retained their activity on all strains. Despite the increased rates of resistance observed, vancomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin can be used in the treatment of community-acquired infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria while meropenem and tobramycin for Shigella spp, Salmonella spp and E. coli infections.

C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the Tilk Flick test as well as the pain induced by formaldehyde. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract significantly reduces the number of abdominal writhes (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), significantly increased the immersion time of the tail (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) and also significantly decreased the frequency of licking or biting the paw (p < 0.001). This result suggests an analgesic effect of aqueous extract. The fever was induced by subcutaneous administration of a solution of brewer's yeast. The results obtained showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) of the rectal temperature of the animals treated with the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides (400 and 600 mg/kg) compared to control group (saline water). This result suggests an antipyretic effect. Chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavones and mucilage. The presence of alkaloids and flavones could explain the analgesic and antipyretic effects attributed to this aqueous extract.