Data from this large series substantiate that autoantibody-associated CHB is not coincident with major structural abnormalities, is most often identified in the late second trimester, carries a substantial mortality in the neonatal period and frequently requires pacing. The recurrence rate of CHB is at least two- to three-fold higher than the rate for a mother with anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies who never had an affected child, supporting close echocardiographic monitoring in all subsequent pregnancies, with heightened surveillance between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation.

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