No abstract

Due to perspective of biomass usage as a viable source of energy, this paper suggests a potential theoretical approach for studying multiregion nonadiabatic premixed flames with counterflow design crossing through the mixture of air (oxidizer) and lycopodium particles (biofuel). In this research, convective and radiative heat losses are analytically described. Due to the properties of lycopodium, roles of drying and vaporization are included so that the flame structure is created from preheating, drying, vaporization, reaction, and postflame regions. To follow temperature profile and mass fraction of the biofuel in solid and gaseous phases, dimensionalized and nondimensionalized forms of mass and energy balances are expressed. To ensure the continuity and calculate the positions of drying, vaporization, and flame fronts, interface matching conditions are derived employing matlab and mathematica software. For validation purpose, results for temperature profile is compared with those provided in a previous research study and an appropriate is observed under the same conditions. Finally, changes in flame velocity, flame temperature, solid and gaseous fuel mass fractions, and particle size with position measured from the position of stagnation plane, strain rate, and heat transfer coefficient in the presence/absence of losses are evaluated.