We investigated the immunomodulatory and parasiticidal effects of garlic extract on coccidiosis caused by Eimeria vermiformis infection in male ICR mice. One group received garlic extract daily until the end of the experiment by the oral route from 10 days prior to oral infection with 300 sporulated E. vermiformis oocysts (infected-garlic(+)). The other group served as a control positive with E. vermiformis infection alone (infected-garlic(-)). In the infected-garlic(+) group, garlic extract treatment induced a significant reduction in fecal oocyst output when compared with the infected-garlic(-) group. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis for inflammatory cytokines in ileal tissues showed that the garlic extract treatment impaired intracellular development of E. vermiformis during the early stages by increasing the number of intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells and decreasing IL-10 expression. This induced cell cytotoxicity which was reflected by a decrease in oocyst numbers in the intestinal villi and the feces, indicating anticoccidial effects of the garlic extract. However, further studies to explore the precise mechanism of the observed effects of garlic treatment during Eimeria infection are needed to verify our results.
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The study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of garlic extract-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles in comparison to pure garlic extract against rabbit hepatic coccidiosis. Sixty male rabbits were allocated into four groups; Group 1: control, Group 2 (infected group): rabbits were inoculated orally with 2 x 10 3 sporulated oocyst of E. stiedae , Group 3: rabbits were infected as group 2 and treated with garlic extract (500 mg/kg b.w) and Group 4: rabbits infected and treated with garlic extract nanoparticles (500 mg/kg b.w). Five rabbits of each group were scarified at 7 th , 14 th and 21 th day post inoculation (dpi). Biochemical, haematology and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. Fecal samples were collected at 19 th day to calculate the number of oocyst. Results revealed: hemoglobin concentration and PCV significantly increased in group 4 when compared to group 2, and platelets count of group 3 significatly increased when compared with group 2. Significant decreases in ALT, AST, Alkaline. phosphatase, bilirubin were detected in groups 3 and 4 compared with group 2, but significant decreases in MDA and SOD in groups 3 & 4 compared with group 2. Group 2 had significant increases in ALT, AST, Alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, MDA and SOD activities when compared with control group. Significant increases in AST and ALP activities were detected in group 4 in comparison with group 3. Group 3 had a significant decrease in SOD when compared with group 4. Group 3 and 4 induced significant reduction in fecal oocyst count compared with group 2. Conclusively, garlic crude extract and garlic nanoparticles had antioxidative and anti-parasitic effect on hepatic coccidiosis of rabbit.
Ginseng and garlic are well known plants which have anti oxidant effects. The present study investigates the protective effects of ginseng extract and garlic powder on the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides (LTC). Eighty female Wister rats divided into 4 groups as follow; group (1) control group, group (2) injected with(9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC alone, group (3) injected with(200 mg/kg b.wt) ginseng extract (G115) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC, group (4) injected with (100 mg/kg b.wt) garlic extract (GA) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC All groups were injected intraperitonialy for 15 days (as a short term) and 21 days (as along term). Histological examination of the kidney sections showed severe congestion, besides cloudy swelling in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vacuolar degeneration with necrosis. In addition to edema in the bowman's space, hypercellularity and destruction with renal casts detected in some of renal tubules in animal injected with LTC only for 15 days. While rats injected with LTC for 21 days revealed thickening and edematous in the wall of the blood vessels with proliferation in the endothelial cells, besides thrombosis and hemorrhage. Chronic interstitial nephritis in most rats and perivasculitis were detected. Kidneys of rats pretreated with ginseng followed by LTC for 15 days showed protective effect in the form of disappear of the edema of bowman's space and cloudy swelling except some necrosis and slight congestion. Whereas 21 days showed high protective effects by reducing of cloudy swelling and necrosis. Garlic also diminished the pathological alterations in the kidneys but lower than ginseng. Histochemical observation revealed, increases in the protein inclusion in rats injected with (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) lambda-cyhalothrin alone in comparison with control, while ginseng and garlic groups almost have normal protein inclusion distributions to some extant.
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