Changes in natural landscapes and economic activities lead to the loss of a large proportion of the steppes. Recent studies (2008–2017) have demonstrated the high importance of old cemeteries, that contribute to the preservation of steppe red-listed steppe species. The area of the old cemeteries of the Lower Dnieper varies from 0.43 ha to 6.79 ha. The list of vascular plants from 10 cemeteries of the Lower Dnieper region includes 388 species belonging to 226 genera, 62 families, 3 classes and 2 divisions. The total number of species within cemetery varied from 104 to 217 (on average 153 species). In old cemeteries of the studied region, rare steppe species have survived, although steppe vegetation is preserved where there are fragments of virgin and unploughed steppes around the cemeteries, near old villages or cities. 22 protected vascular plant species were found in the studied old cemeteries (5.65 % of the total species pool). Five of these are included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine: Astragalus henningii, Stipa capillata, Stipa lessingiana, Stipa ucrainica, Tulipa biebersteiniana. 17 species of vascular plants are included in the Red List of the Kherson region: Amygdalus nana, Bellevalia sarmatica, Centaurea trichocephalla, Convallaria majalis, Dianthus andrzejowskianus, Elytrigia pseudocaesia, Ephedra distachya, Fraxinus excelsior, Iris halophila, Limonium platyphyllum, Linaria macroura, Muscari neglectum, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Prangos odontalgica, Quercus robur, Veronica capsellicarpa, Vinca herbacea. Key words: Lower Dnieper, steppe, cultural heritage sites, vascular plants, flora, sozophytes, in situ. Зміни природних ландшафтів та господарська діяльність призводить до втрати великої частки степів. Недавні дослідження (протягом 2008–2017) продемонстрували високе значення існування старих цвинтарів, які сприяють збереженню степових созофітів. Площа старих цвинтарів Нижнього Дніпра коливається від 0.43 га до 6,79 га. У список флори судинних рослин входять 388 видів з 10 цвинтарів. Загальне багатство видів варіювало від 104 до 217 (у середньому по видів 154 види). Флора старих цвинтарів включає до 226 родів, 62 родини, 3 класи та 2 відділи. Зазвичай на цвинтарях Нижнього Дніпра зустрічаються рідкісні види, які протягом тривалого часу зберігаються на старих цвинтарях та сприяють збереженню виду in situ разом зі степовим покривом, проте рослинний покрив зберігається не на всіх цвинтарях, а лише на тих, які були закладені на цілинній та нерозораній ділянці степу, поблизу старих сел чи міст. На старих цвинтарях знайдено 22 видів судинних рослин 5,65 %, які підлягають охороні з них 5 видів рослин включені до Червоної книги України: Astragalus henningii, Stipa capillata, Stipa lessingiana, Stipa ucrainica, Tulipa biebersteiniana, та 17 видів судинних рослин, які включено до Червоного Списку Херсонської області: Amygdalus nana, Bellevalia sarmatica, Centaurea trichocephalla, Convallaria majalis, Dianthus andrzejowskianus, Elytrigia pseudocaesia, Ephedra distachya, Fraxinus excelsior, Iris halophila, Limonium platyphyllum, Linaria macroura, Muscari neglectum, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Prangos odontalgica, Quercus robur, Veronica capsellicarpa, Vinca herbacea. Ключові слова: Нижнє Дніпро, степ, об’єкти культурної спадщини,судинні рослини, флора, созофіти, in situ
During the past centuries high level of agricultural production resulted in a significant decrease steppe vegetation. In transformed landscapes South Ukraine cultural monuments such as old settlements can have the potential for biodiversity conservation. During the last decade (2010–2019) the flora of 18 earthworks of the Lower Dnipro ancient settlements with varied area from 1.1 to 18.7 ha was investigated. All settlements located on the steep bank of the Dnipro River on both sides (Kherson and Mykolayiv Regions), mainly between two closely spaced ravines or «balkas». The river terrace and ravines provided a natural protection for the settlements on three sides, and on the another side they were protected by artificial moat and shaft. The Dnipro was acknowledged as playing a key role in specific location of the earthworks as a leading waterway for trade and economic structure formation in the classical and Hellenistic periods. A list of the flora of vascular plants includes 526 species wich belongs to 279 genera, 74 families, 3 classes and 2 divisions. Total species richness ranged from 125 to 290 (178 species per archeological site in average). An appreciable number of native plants indicate a hight level of preservation of the objects. The contribution of native species in old settlements varied much from 62.1% (Liubymivske) to 81.1% (Velyke Tiagynske). The contribution of native species to the alien species is 3:1. Beside this, in the study area, we identified 30 species of protected vascular plants, of which 10 plant species are included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Astragalus borysthenicus, A. dasyanthus, Elytrigia stipifolia, Gymnospermium odessanum, Stipa capillata, S. lessingiana, S. pulcherrima, S. ucrainica, Tulipa biebersteiniana, T. gesneriana) and 20 plant species are included in the Red List of Kherson Province: Amygdalus nana, Bellevalia sarmatica, Bromopsis heterophylla, Dianthus andrzejowskianus, Ephedra distachya, Ferula capsica, Fraxinus excelsior, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Jurinea salicifolia, J. stochadifolia, Limonium platyphyllum, Linaria macroura, Linum czernjajevii, Prangos odontalgica, Quercus robur, Silene supina, Valeriana stolonifera, Veronica capsellicarpa, Vinca herbacea, Vitis sylvestris.
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