Formalin is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde. Formalin can trigger the formation of ROS causingoxidative stress, and has an impact on changes in theCDK1 protein which has a role in oocyte maturation.The researchers were able to predict in silico mutagenicityand formyl tetrahydrofolate toxicity to CDK1protein in oocyte cell maturation using the Molegro VirtualDocker computer program and the comparisoncompound fipronil. The receptor CDK1/CyclinB1/CKS2,code PDB: 4Y72, was used with the LZ9 ligand.Using the pkCSM online tool program, investigate in silicoqualitative structure activity relationships (QSAR)to predict pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), toxicity ofpotential medicinal compounds, environmentalcontaminants, and poisons. The bond energy resulting from docking between formalin, LZ9 ligand, andfipronil comparators at the target receptor was compared for data analysis. The more stable the bonds are,the lower the bond energy of the ligands to the target receptor. The bond energy of formalin = -130.832kcal/mol, ligand LZ9 301 [A] = -120.118kcal/mol, and fipronil = -101.069 kcal/mol, according to the in silico testresults. Formalin has the ability to increase ROS production and affect CDK1 protein more than LZ9 andfipronil ligands, according to the above test results. Thefindings of the in silico test utilizing the pkCSMonline tool software demonstrate that formyl tetrahydrofolate molecules are hazardous and quicklyenterand absorb into the human body.

This study aims to identify the molars based on the width of the occlusal plane. The study was designed using a group design. The object of the study was the lower jaw bone (os mandibula) of CE goats aged three to four years without distinguishing gender. Measurements were also made on the maxillary molars (maxilla) from several skulls without mandibles of 14 each. Measurements were made on one side of the mandible (mandibular) or maxilla (maxilla) assuming symmetry. Measurements were done using a caliper. The target measured was the largest total width of the crowns of the I,2, and 3 molars (MMb11, MMb12; MMb21, MMb22, and MMb31, MMb32). The measurement data are recorded, tabulated, and presented in the form of mean and standard deviation. Size differences between molar width, molar notch, and molar plane were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance without interaction. The difference in width is significant if the test results have an error probability of less than five percent. If the test results are significant, it is tested with Duncan to see the difference in the pair at the five percent level. Conclusion, it was found that there was no difference in the indentation width between the molars, five of the fourteen molars examined, M1 showed no crypts.

Cryopreservation is a method of reproductive technologythat is useful for embryo and preservation creaturesthat are almost extinct. Cryoprotectants are often used for vitrification are PROH, DMSO and EG becausethey have good and efficient results. The study objectivewas to know does the viability of mice blastocystincrease with the combination of intracellularcryoprotectant ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitrification. This study used mice oocytes thencarried out in vitro fertilization and cultureduntil reaching the blastocyst stage. The mice weresuperovulated using 5 IU PMSG and 5 IU hCG after 48hours, then monomatting using infertile males. Egg cellsare taken by tearing the fertilization bag andwashing using MEM. Embryo is cultured so that it reaches the blastocyst phase and is then divided into 4groups: vitrified using 30% EG, 30% DMSO, 20% combination EG + 10% DMSO and 10% P4 combinationEG and 20% DMSO. The four groups were inserted intothe hemi straw which has been modified with 0.25berurn and then put back into the hemi straw with a size of0.5. Hemi Straw which already containedembryos was inserted into a liquid N2 container with a temperature of -196. Warming was done after theembryo was vitrified for a week. After being removed from the container, heating is done at roomtemperature. The embryo hemi straw was inserted into the sucrose level alternately, i.e. 0.25 M, 0.5 M and1M respectively for 2 minutes. Warming process to removecryoprotectants that are in the embryo.Examination of the viability of blastocyst was done usingan inverted microscope. The results of this studythat there were significant differences between groupsusing combination cryoprotectant EG 20% and DMSO10% (p<0.05) with 84% viability. The combination of EGand DMSO could increase the viability of miceblastocyst. The ethylene glycol 20% and dimethyl Sulfoxide 10% was the best concentration combinationbased on this research.

In vitro fertilization is assisted reproduction technology that can overcome infertility problems. This method can produce embryos with high quality in large quantities. In its application, the success rate of IVF is still relatively low. This is due to the poor quality of oocytes and spermatozoa, which can cause IVF failure. The absence of oocyte activation during fertilization also results in failure of fertilization. Calcium ionophore is known to be able to increase the oocyte activation process. This study aims to prove that Calcium Ionophore can increase the rate of fertilization in goat oocytes in vitro. This study was divided into two groups: the control group was fertilized oocytes using a medium without Calcium ionophore supplementation, the treatment group was fertilized oocytes using a medium supplemented with Calcium ionophore at a dose of 5.2 µl/ml. Fertilization rates are observed based on the formation of zygote or two pronuclear (2PN) in the cytoplasm of oocytes and observed under an inverted microscope. The data obtained were analyzed using the T test. The results of the study after being analyzed statistically showed that there were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group (P<0.05). Fertilization rates in the treatment group (93.12±13.7) showed higher results than the control group (65.96±28.36). Based on these results it can be concluded that calcium ionophore supplementation at a dose of 5.2 µl/ml in the fertilization medium can increase oocyte activation thereby increasing the rate of oocyte fertilization of the goat nuts.