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Globalization in the field of industry is fostering the need for cognitive production systems. To implement modern concepts that enable tools and systems for such a cognitive production system, several challenges on the shop floor level must first be resolved. This paper discusses the implementation of selected cognitive technologies on a real industrial case-study of a construction machine manufacturer. The partner company works on the concept of mass customization but utilizes manual labour for the high-variety assembly stations or lines. Sensing and guidance devices are used to provide information to the worker and also retrieve and monitor the working, with respecting data privacy policies. Next, a specified process of data contextualization, visual analytics, and causal discovery is used to extract useful information from the retrieved data via sensors. Communications and safety systems are explained further to complete the loop of implementation of cognitive entities on a manual assembly line. This deepened involvement of cognitive technologies are human-centered, rather than automated systems. The explained cognitive technologies enhance human interaction with the processes and ease the production methods. These concepts form a quintessential vision for an effective assembly line. This paper revolutionizes the existing industry 4.0 with an even-intensified human–machine interaction and moving towards cognitivity.

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This paper presents the latest outcomes in the field of additive manufacturing. Some salt hydrates as printing materials provide many advantages (such as good availability and low toxic behaviour) compared to other materials, thus making them particularly suitable for specific applications. A layered deposition method for salt hydrates is developed from the binary phase diagram of sodium acetate trihydrate, which is first described mathematically. The experimental results then verify the theoretically described method. Thus, the presented process can also be applied to other salt hydrates which are based on the same physical basic principles. Moreover, this novel process has been termed as Subcooled Liquid Printing (SLP) by the authors.