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Flu is caused by influenza A and B virus leading an acute respiratory illness. This review summarizes advance diagnostic techniques for detecting and confirming influenza virus and treatments involve. RADTS are beneficial tools but with the limited sensitivity. Pandemic confirmation H1N1 influenza A infection done by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or viral culture. Several approaches are as of now accessible for determination of flu contaminations like serological tests are generally used to identify flu infection in immunizer reactions incorporate hemagglutination restraint test that depends on capacity of HA-explicit antibodies. Rapid molecular assays that produces results in approximately in 15-30minutes by detecting nucleic acids of influenza in upper respiratory tract. For treating influenza antiviral medications are given to patients based on clinical and epidemiological factors. Neuraminidase inhibitor (NI) is the drug of choice. A good way to prevent the disease is to give individuals annual vaccine and another way is to start an early diagnosis and give medications in short time to patients to prevent further spread of disease and reduce complications otherwise.

With time viral infections are increasing day by day due to various reasons like new viruses, the resistance of viruses to antiviral therapy, and mutation of one form of the virus to another form; these types of problems create many challenges in the field of research. Furthermore, a lot of challenges are encountered in the treatment of antiviral therapy, like interaction with other medication and use of increased frequency and a high dose of antiviral due to infection in CNS or synovial fluid where drug permeation is less. Consequently, toxicity and other side effect chances will be more. Nano-technological approaches are used to overcome these challenges. The beneficial properties come from such engineering, including stimuli sensitivity, targetability, and longevity; these are all combined to give multifunctional nano-carriers that concurrently execute different beneficial tasks

Humanity has faced numerous calamities, natural disasters, and even the outbreaks of numerous communicable diseases since the dawn of time, and poliomyelitis is one of these diseases. The first cases of the disease occurred in the 1940s, alerting the health authorities and experts to create a vaccine to improve children's immunity to the virus. Since then, polio workers all across the globe are trying their best to create awareness about the importance of polio vaccination which is especially needed in the tribal areas of Pakistan because the people living there are mostly backward and illiterate who do not vaccinate their children due to safety concerns as well as religious and general misbeliefs about the vaccine. The focus of these campaigns is to make sure that every child in Pakistan and Afghanistan is properly vaccinated to stop the transmission of the virus by the year 2022.

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