Determining replenishment lot size and number of shipments in a traditional production setup has been of great interest among researchers during the last decades. In order to survive modern competition, the manufacturer has to make good decisions about the lot size that is to be shipped to the retailer. Recently, several researchers have developed mathematical models for modelling different real-world situations; however, these models are lacking due to a combination of imperfection in process and shipment lot sizing. Therefore, in the proposed research, shipment policy for an imperfect production setup has been developed with transportation costs taken into consideration. The model analyzed lot sizing for manufacturers and retailers with imperfections in terms of equally sized shipments. Furthermore, an all-unit-discount policy for shipment is considered in the proposed research, and at the end, numerical computation and sensitivity analyses are carried out to gain more insight into the specifications of the model.

Vehicular conflict is one of the major causes of congestion in freeway merge areas. With the emerging connected vehicle environment, more proactive strategies can be developed and implemented to improve merging operations with enhanced safety and mobility. The freeway merge assistance system, made possible with connected vehicles, ensures smoother merging through the early identification and dynamic notification of merging opportunities by advisory message. However, given that the effectiveness of this mobility application depends entirely on drivers’ responses to the advisory messages, a proper understanding of driver response to the new generation of dynamic advisory messages is a necessity. A detailed analysis of driver response time to advisory messages from the freeway merge assistance system was conducted on the basis of the data collected in a field test with 68 naive participants. The analysis results showed that the perception–reaction time increased as the available gap size decreased. An estimated 0.64-s difference was observed between cases with large and small gaps and implies varied perception–reaction times for various traffic conditions. Second, the perception–reaction time decreased as the advisory became more direct and proactive, with an observed 1.30-s decrease in perception–reaction time between the most direct and indirect advisories. It is therefore recommended that advisory messages should be direct and clear. The actual lane-changing time did not change much, regardless of advisory type or available gap size. The implications of these results are of significance in the design and implementation of connected vehicle–enabled mobility applications.

Economies of scales and scope approaches contributes towards the effective use of resource utilization which alternatively results in production enhancement, and improvement in economics indicators. Among various approaches to accomplish the concept of scale production, time and motions study plays a vital role to visualize and enhance the resource consumption and its economic value. In this paper, an implementation approach of time and motions mechanism is applied to track a manual task with the help of a kinematic model from images. The current method practiced in the industry is segregated according to different operations in the manufacturing setup and analyzed on the basis of charts, capturing frames of workers motions. At certain stages stopwatch technique is also used. The results of this research indicate that company's overall performance has significantly increased with the reduction in process duration.

Inventory in an industry is considered like a blood in the body, and almost 50% of investment is made on inventory. Therefore, keeping the optimum level of inventory at low possible cost is the primary focus of researchers. Industries have to make good choices for inventory management in order to compete in market and meet the demands. Major issues regarding inventory in pharmaceutical industry are overstock, unjustified forecasting technique, long manufacturing lead times and lack of IT support. For these reasons, optimizing inventory is more difficult for pharmaceutical companies as compared to other manufacturing companies. Such issues are also faced by Atlantic Pharmaceuticals Laboratories (APL). In order to address these issue, inventory management is performed in APL. Inventory is categorized in three classes through ABC analysis. Class A items are further analyzed and their optimum quantity is determined by EPQ model. At the end sensitivity analyses are performed to determine the most and least critical parameters of the model.

Conventional methods to use a metal cavity having charcoal assisted with skewers in getting the final barbecue encounter a lot of limitations such as time, lower productivity, single temperature heating, worker fatigue, controlling of heat and time, energy consumption, importability, unhygienic food preparation (road-side open barbecuing) and cost-effectiveness etc. The proposed research considers the design and fabrication of barbecue machine fueled with gas and actuated by electrical cum mechanical systems. This electromechanical semi-automatic barbecue machine overcomes the stated limitations. It will be an important tool used for household as well as commercial use. This machine capacity is to barbecue an average of 4.5 kg of meat at a time. The machine is divided into three chambers. In first chamber barbecue is kept on lower temperature for high time. Once it completes its first stage motor attached with chain drive mechanism is activated and it brings the food to second chamber. In the second chamber, it takes lower time on high temperature and when it finishes it is conveyed to first chamber for un-feeding. The aim of this research is also to commercialize the product in the market targeting small scale industries and people involved in road side barbecue production, restaurants and other organizations.