Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield is reduced by drought stress during reproductive stages. In this work, the effects of foliar selenium (Se) spray on the reduction of drought stress are measured and the most critical stage of rice is identified. Three field experiments were carried out. In experiments I and II, the sensitive stage was determined by imposing drought stress at the panicle initiation and flowering stages by withholding irrigation for 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. In experiment III, drought stress was induced by depriving plants of moisture for 20 or 25 days. Se spray was then applied at rates of 0, 10, and 20 mg L−1 to alleviate the drought, and its effects were evaluated. Overall, it was reported that the panicle initiation stage was more vulnerable to drought stress than the flowering stage, as evidenced by a larger reduction in grain yield. Employing Se as a foliar spray at a rate of 20 mg L−1 under drought stress enhanced the number of filled grains m−2, the total number of grains m−2, and grain yield ha−1 by 22.0, 4.3, and 11.0%, respectively, over water spray. This shows a positive interaction or synergistic interaction between drought tolerance and selenium application. These results demonstrate that foliage supplementation of Se at a dosage of 20 mg L−1 alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress at the panicle initiation stage in rice cultivation. Se mitigated the negative effects of drought by improving the membrane stability index, relative water content, and proline content.

Background: The productivity of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) is not adequate to meet the growing global population since mostly all the leguminous crop grown under rainfed condition. In this regard, a research experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of bio fermented products with drip fertigation under aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) - greengram (Vigna radiata L.) cropping system. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Wetland farms of Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2019-21. For greengram Thirteen treatments with Randomized complete block design were imposed in which fermented fish waste and fermented egg product were applied through drip at vegetative stage and peak flowering stage. Surface irrigation was scheduled based on IW/CPE ratio of 0.5 with conventional application of fertilizers. Result: The experiment results revealed that application of drip fertigation @ 125% RDF+100% PE with FFW registered higher growth parameters (plant height, drymatter production, 50% flowering, LAI), physiological parameters (Crop growth rate, Relative growth rate, SPAD values), yield attributes, yield and cropping system analysis. The results of correlation analysis also showed that the grain yield was positively impacted by the yield parameters.

during rabi season of 2019 to study about the changes in the physiological parameters of aerobic rice under different drip fertigation and irrigation levels. Thirteen treatments consists of 75% and 100 % pan evaporation ( two irrigation levels) and 75%, 100% and 125% RDF (three fertigation levels), combination with fermented fish waste (FFW) and fermented egg product (FEP), surface irrigation treatment as a check were arranged in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The result showed that significantly higher leaf area index, SPAD values, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and yield during rabi season 2019 were observed in drip fertigation at 125% RDF, 100% PE with FFW (3 times) than all other treatments. Which was closely related with drip fertigation at 125% RDF, 100% PE with FEP (3 times). The lower grain yield and physiological parameters were noticed in drip fertigation at 75% RDF, 75% PE with FEP (3 times). This study concluded that drip fertigation at 125% RDF, 100% PE with FFW (3 times) suitable for getting higher physiological parameters and grain yield in aerobic rice.

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