Cancer is a major public health problem in Indonesia, becoming the 7th largest cause of death based on a national survey in 2007, accounting for 5.7 of all mortality. A cancer registry was started in 1970, but it was partial and was stopped mainly because no government body was responsible. Realizing the above situation, the Indonesian government established the Sub Directorate of Cancer Control within the Ministry of Health, with responsibility for developing a national cancer control program, including a cancer registry. A sustainable cancer registry was then started in 2007 within Jakarta Province, first hospital-based but then expanded to be population-based. Steps of cancer registration in Jakarta are data collection, data verification, data validation, data management and analysis, and data publication. Data collection is conducted by health facilities (hospitals, laboratories, primary health centers) at the district/municipal level, with reports to the provincial level. Data are collected passively by holding meetings every three months in the district/municipality. Verification of data is the responsibility of the medical doctor or pathologist in each data source. Data validation is conducted by a team in the cancer registry, consisting of district/municipal/province health officers, pathologists, and registrars. Data management and analyses are conducted by a cancer registry team at the provincial level, assisted by the national team. We use software named Indonesian Cancer Registry System (SRIKANDI) which is adopted from CanReg4 IARC. Data from the population-based cancer registry in Jakarta Province showed the leading cancers among females in 2005-2007 to be breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and among males are bronchus and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and prostate cancer. The leading childhood cancers are leukaemia and retinoblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, and smoking prevalence is increasing among youths.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the smoke-free policy (SFP), a flagship national tobacco control programme, by providing evidence on geographic distribution, socio-economic disparities and policy determinants of SFP adoption by district in Indonesia.METHODS: We employed spatial and quantitative methods to obtain data respectively on geographic distribution of SFP adoption, and on disparities and associations between national and provincial SFP regulations and SFP adoption by the districts.RESULTS: Twenty-one of 34 provinces, and 345 of 514 districts adopted SFP. We found significant geographic disparities: all districts outside of Papua were up to 6.3 times more likely to adopt the policy and to implement it for a period of up to 3 years longer in duration. We also found significant socio-economic disparities: urban districts, those that were wealthiest and those most educated were respectively 3.9, 9.1 and 2.8 times more likely to adopt the policy. Moreover, districts in provinces that had SFP regulation were 3.2 times more likely to adopt. Finally, the adoption rate in the period after the 2012 national regulation was up to 7.8 times higher than that before.CONCLUSION: In addition to geographic and socio-economic disparities, national and provincial regulations and policies were determinants of SFP adoption.

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Objective: The study aimed to measure achievement of the national program of cervical and breast cancer screening in Indonesia after 12 years implementation and factors associated with the number of the screening. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytic analysis. Secondary data was collected from Directorate of Non Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health. Results: From 2007 to 2018, the program was implemented in all 34 provinces, at 51% primary health centers (PHC) with 3 providers each. Total women aged 30-50 years screened was 3,664,625 (9.8% of the target). The number rose gradually from 2007 to 2014, with significant increase from 2015 to 2018. Bali province had the highest coverage (31%) and Papua had the lowest (1%). We found a wide disparity of coverage among provinces. There was 3.4% of VIA-positive, 16.1% was treated with cryotherapy, 1.3 per 1,000 of suspected cervical cancer, 5,4% lump in the breast, and 0.7 per 1,000 suspected breast cancer. Factors associated with number of the screening were number of PHC providing screening, number of GP, total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province. Conclusion: The cervical and breast cancer screening program was running in all provinces in more than half of primary health centers in Indonesia. National coverage (9.8%) was far below the target and varied widely among provinces. Number of PHC with screening services, number of GP, number of total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province have association with cervical and breast cancer screening.

Abstract Since 2013, Directorate of NCD Prevention and Control has conducted web-based NCD risk factors surveillance with the data source from the ‘Posbindu PTM’ activity. Evaluation of the surveillance should be conducted periodically to assess achievement of objectives and target benefits. However, since the surveillance conducted nationally, there has not been a specific evaluation. This article aimed to obtain information about the utilization and problems in implementing NCD risk factors surveillance based on “Posbindu PTM” data. The research method was carried out through a systematic review of articles related to the implementation of NCD risk factor surveillance based on Posbindu PTM data in 2014 to 2020. The articles were searched using a search engine with keywords NCD surveillance, Posbindu PTM, Posbindu surveillance, in June 2020. There were 12 articles that match the keywords and five articles that meet the criteria. The results of the review showed that the data collection instruments of and technical guideline for surveillance of web-based NCD risk factors can be utilized by surveillance officers. The web information system is considered simple, acceptable, has high sensitivity and stability, and is timely. Automatic data collection, processing and analysis greatly facilitate surveillance. The results of the information system analysis are in accordance with the planning requirement. The results of surveillance are useful for outreach / counseling and for student research. The problems in implementing surveillance are the limited number of trained officers, no operational budget, limited population coverage, lack of infrastructure, interference with internet signals and limited peladens. Officers generally have not interpreted the results and disseminate less because of their limited abilities. The web-based PTM risk factor surveillance based on “Posbindu PTM” activity data can be implemented, but not systematically. Increasing the number and capacity of officers, especially in data interpretation improvement of surveillance facility is necessary to increase the benefits and achievement of the goal of prevention and control of PTM/NCD in the community. Abstrak Sejak tahun 2013, Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular (P2PTM) menyelenggarakan surveilans faktor risiko PTM berbasis web dengan sumber data kegiatan “Posbindu PTM”. Evaluasi surveilans seharusnya dilakukan secara periodik untuk menilai pencapaian tujuan dan manfaat yang ditargetkan. Namun, semenjak surveilans diselenggarakan secara nasional belum dilakukan evaluasi secara khusus. Artikel ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi tentang pemanfaatan dan permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan surveilans faktor risiko PTM bersumber data Posbindu PTM. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui tinjauan secara sistematik terhadap artikel terkait pelaksanaan surveilans faktor risiko PTM bersumber data Posbindu PTM pada tahun 2014-2020. Pencarian artikel menggunakan mesin pencari dengan kata kunci surveilans PTM, Posbindu PTM, dan surveilans Posbindu pada Juni 2020. Terdapat 12 artikel yang sesuai kata kunci dan lima artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan instrumen pengumpulan data dan petunjuk teknis surveilans faktor risiko PTM berbasis web dapat dimanfaatkan petugas surveilans dengan baik. Sistem informasi web dinilai sederhana, akseptabel, memiliki sensitivitas serta stabilitas tinggi, dan tepat waktu. Pengumpulan, pengolahan, dan analisis data secara otomatis sangat mempermudah pelaksanaan surveilans. Hasil analisis sistem informasi sudah sesuai kebutuhan perencanaan. Hasil surveilans bermanfaat untuk penyuluhan/ konseling dan untuk penelitian mahasiswa. Permasalahan pelaksanaan surveilans adalah keterbatasan jumlah petugas terlatih, tidak adanya anggaran operasional, keterbatasan cakupan penduduk, kurangnya sarana prasarana, gangguan sinyal internet, dan keterbatasan peladen (server). Petugas umumnya belum menginterpretasikan hasil dan kurang melakukan diseminasi karena keterbatasan kemampuan. Surveilans Faktor Risiko PTM berbasis web bersumber data kegiatan ‘Posbindu PTM’ dapat dilaksanakan, namun belum sistematik. Peningkatan jumlah dan kemampuan petugas, khususnya dalam interpretasi data, peningkatan sarana prasarana surveilans perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan manfaat serta pencapaian tujuan pencegahan dan pengendalian PTM di masyarakat.