No abstract

Trace evidence recovery has been studied to involve a number of methods with the inclusion of swabbing methods. In swabbing, different fluids have also been proposed with minimal highlight to ethylated swabbing (prepared from ethanol). Through the use of swabbing fluid at 70% dilution (70% ethylated swab) run simultaneously with distilled water swab, the findings discovered were that 70% ethylated swab was found to concentrate large amount of DNA sample (1421µg/ml), twice the amount recovered by distilled water swab (654.5µg/ml). In terms of purity of recovered DNA; 70% ethylated swab presented nearly similar purity with distilled water DNA pellet (ethylated swab yielded 1.219 purity ratio while distilled water swab yielded 1.176). Electrophoresis DNA molecule migration displayed multiple bands in contrast with 70% ethylated swab from positive to negative electrode. This shows the presence of both small and larger sized DNA fragments. Distilled water swab displayed one deep band near negative terminal electrode. Thereby; the study finding analysis illustrates and suggests that 70% ethylated swab is a useful and strong method in recovering trace DNA evidences for successful DNA profile establishment. In addition, spectacle is prospective a potential harbor of trace DNA sample for forensic investigation.

Marriage is the process of forming a new family and social relationship. In the past, the Kaili community was aware of endogamy marriage system, which does not allow to do marriage with ethnicity other than Kaili. But, with the development of era, ethnicities such as ethnic Chinese and Arabs have entered the Kaili ethnic or Kaili ethnic settlements. Ethnic societies have occurred, and today, there are many who make different ethnic marriages. The purpose of this study is to describe the differences in ethnic marriage problems where different ethnic marriages often occurred in the Kaili ethnic community. The research subjects were four different ethnic couples-the marriage of two Chinese-Kaili couples and two Arab-Kaili couples. This descriptive research was conducted by collecting the information through passive and active observation followed by the interview with the subject. Data analysis was conducted by grouping data from observations, interviews, and field notes and then interpreted. The results obtained from this study were from the four different ethnic couples. The majority have obstacles related to the blessing of parents and family, but thanks to the beliefs and efforts of each pair to convince parents and family, the marriage can be done. This happens due to of differences in culture and point of view on life. Therefore, in this case, marital adjustment is required. The greater the cultural differences, the greater the difference in communication both in language and in nonverbal cues. Thus, it can be concluded that communication is the main thing required in the matter of adjusting different ethnic marriages.