This study aims to determine the structure of phytoplankton communities in the pool are former coal mining Desa Kampung Baru Kecamatan Cempaka which include abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance. Phytoplankton samples taken in two pools with a purposive sampling method with a three-point shooting at each pond. Sampling was performed three times. Phylum of phytoplankton were identified in both pools as much as 2 phylum (Chloropyta and Chrysopita) with 17 genera. Average abundance of phytoplankton in the first pool of 7174 ind / liter and 6873 ind / liter in the second pool. The average diversity index of phytoplankton in the first pool of 1.540 and 1.621 in the second pool. Average uniformity index of phytoplankton in the first pool of 0622 and 0.623 in the second pool. The average index of phytoplankton dominance in the first pool of 0271 and 0250 in the second pool. Analysis of community structure (abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance) shows the condition of the two ponds in the state is quite stable and capable of supporting life inside the phytoplankton. Where the pool in the fertility rate is the level of contamination is, the conditions included in the category of individuals spread more evenly and there are no species that dominate other species in the extreme.

Abstract. Timpakul fish (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) is a kind of fish which able to live long in the land. One of the habitats of the fish is Barito river estuary. The development of land conversion which high enough at Barito river estuary into the area of fishponds and rice fields cause P. schlosseri must adapt to the environment disturbed. The research aimed to determine the adaptation of P. schlosseri in fishponds and rice fields habitats in Barito river estuary. The research is conducted by us ing the method of line transect, that is by walking in the area of rice fields and fishponds in Barito river estuary with the object of observation consisted of nest and activity of P. schlosseri. The results of observation showed that the density of P. schlosseri was relatively small at 0.54 individual/hectare in paddy fields areal and 0.84 individual/hectare the area of aquaculture. The relatively low density of fish was caused by nature solitary and carnivorous fish. The adaptation of P. schlosseri in the areas of fishponds and paddy fields could be successful because it was supported by adequate food source, that were crab, shrimp, frog and small fish and predators were relatively few. Keywords: Adaptation, Barito river estuary, disturbed habitat, Periophthalmodon schlosseriAbstrak. Ikan timpakul (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) merupakan jenis ikan yang mampu hidup lama di daratan. Salah satu habitat ikan tersebut adalah muara Sungai Barito. Perkembangan alih fungsi lahan yang cukup tinggi di muara Sungai Barito menjadi areal pertambakan ikan dan persawahan menyebabkan P. schlosseri harus beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang terganggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari adaptasi P. schlosseri di habitat pertambakan dan persawahan di muara Sungai Barito. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek garis, yaitu dengan cara berjalan di areal persawahan dan pertambakan di muara Sungai Barito dengan objek pengamatan berupa sarang dan aktivitas ikan P. schlosseri. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan P. schlosseri relatif kecil yaitu 0,54 ekor/ha di areal persawahan dan 0,84 ekor/ha di areal pertambakan. Kepadatan ikan yang relatif rendah ini disebabkan oleh sifat ikan yang soliter dan karnivora. Adaptasi P. schlosseri di areal pertambakan dan persawahan dapat berhasil karena didukung oleh adanya sumber makanan yang mencukupi yaitu kepiting, udang, katak, dan ikan kecil serta predator yang relatif tidak banyak.Kata kunci: Adaptasi, habitat terganggu, muara Sungai Barito, Periophthalmodon schlosseri PENDAHULUAN Muara sungai merupakan wilayah pertemuan antara air laut dengan air tawar. Muara sungai pada umumnya ditumbuhi berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang khas karena berada di perairan yang dipengaruhi oleh air laut dan air tawar. Muara sungai menjadi bagian yang strategis dari sungai untuk kegiatan manusia. Muara sungai dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk setempat, terutama di bidang pertanian, perikanan, dan perdagangan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kemudahan dalam hal transportasi (Surbakti 2012; Putri 201...

Mangrove forests, which are tidal areas, are decreasing in size due to land conversion, causing P. schlosseri habitat to shrink. Daily behavior is important to know as initial information in conservation efforts. Observation of daily behavior was carried out using the scan sampling method. The observed behavior is moving behavior, including walking and swimming activities. Swimming is done with the head position above the water so that their eyes are not submerged in the water. P. schlosseri is outside the nest when high tide occurs. P. schlosseri interacted with each other at the edge of the nest and at the mouth of the nest in the morning and afternoon. P. schlosseri preys on crabs which are usually on the banks of the river at low tide in the morning.

ABSTRAK Pemberantasan nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan solusi dalam mencegah penyakit demam berdarah (DBD). Penggunaan insektisida sintetik berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup. Masyarakat Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan memanfaatkan beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) sebagai insektisida alami. Tujuan penelitian ini menjelaskan golongan senyawa yang ada pada fraksi petroleum eter daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.), menghitung LC 50 dan LC (Lethal Concentration) serta membuktikan aktivitas larvasida pada fraksi petroleum eter daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.)Less.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Proses fraksinasi dengan pelarut petroleum eter melarutkan senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat kurang polar pada selubung sel dan dinding sel pada daun beluntas. Saponin dan tanin terdekteksi pada pengujian kualitatif kimia daun beluntas. Uji aktivitas larvasida dengan deretan konsentrasi 1500, 2000, dan 2500 ppm menggunakan larva Aedes aegypti instar III. LC50 fraksi petroleum eter daun beluntas sebesar 1907,83 ppm dan LC90 sebesar 2377,57 ppm. Fraksi petroleum eter daun beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) hanya dapat membunuh larva Aedes aegypti pada konsentrasi besar yang berarti tidak memiliki daya toksisitas sebagai larvasida. Kata kunci : Beluntas, Pluchea indica (L.) Less., petroleum eter, larvasida ABSTRACT Eradication of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti is one of the solution to prevent dengue fever (DHF). The synthetic insecticides had a negative impact in the environment. Citizen of South Borneo, Barito Kuala, Marabahan applied beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) as a bioinsecticide. The aim of the research had to know the compounds in beluntas leaves petroleum ether fraction, calculate the LC50 and LC90 and authenticate the larvicidal activity of beluntas leaves petroleum ether fraction. The process of fractionation by petroleum ether dissolved the less polar compounds in the sheath cells and cell walls in leaves ofbeluntas. Saponins and tannins had detected in leaves at qualitative assay compounds. Larvicidal activity assay at III instar larvae of Aedes aegypti had gave the varians concentration 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm. Beluntas leavespetroleum ether fraction had LC50 1907,83 ppm and LC90 2377,57 ppm. Petroleum ether fraction of leaves beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) againts the larvae of Aedes aegypti in a large concentration means no toxicity as larvicide. Keyword : Beluntas, Pluchea indica (L.) Less., petroleum ether, larvicidal