Improving the achievement of competencies which are indicators in the study of the quality of education in Indonesia, can be done by procuring quality and innovative teaching materials. This study aims to develop a science learning handout on the human digestive system to improve critical thinking skills for class VIII SMP. Development is done by (Educational Design Research). This study aims to develop a science learning handout on the human digestive system to improve critical thinking skills for class VIII SMP. This article describes the results of the validity and practicality of science learning handouts on the human digestive system. The instrument used in this study was a validity and practicality questionnaire. Data analysis techniques include descriptive data analysis, validation sheets, and questionnaires. The handout validation sheet is given to 5 validators. Instead, 31 grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin were given practice sheets. The results of the validity questionnaire analysis concluded that the validity of the handout was 3.67 very valid categories. Practicality test of content average of 87.41 was obtained in the very practical category. The results of the practicality test of expectations average of 87.78 in the very practical category. Finally, the actual practicality test results average of 85.65 with a very practical category. This means that science handouts are valid and practical in the learning process to practice critical thinking skills

This research was conducted on the existence of problems in the form of low creative thinking skills and students' self-efficacy in learning. One way that can be done to solve this problem is by utilizing teaching materials in the form of modules that students can use for independent learning. Therefore, this research was conducted to develop science learning modules to improve the creative thinking skills and self-efficacy of class VIII students of junior high school. This type of research is Educational Design Research (EDR) using the Tessmer development model. The final result of the validation average is 3.49, which is in the very valid category. Therefore, based on the research results, the science learning module has been declared very valid to improve students' creative thinking skills and self-efficacy in learning science

This research is based on the existence of problems in the form of low critical thinking skills and students' self-efficacy in learning. One way that can be done to solve this problem is by utilizing teaching materials in the form of modules that students can use for independent learning. Therefore, this research was conducted to develop science learning modules to improve critical thinking skills and self-efficacy in class VII students of junior high school. This type of research is Educational Design Research (EDR) using the Tessmer development model. The final result of the validation average is 3.67, which is in the very valid category. Therefore, based on the research results, it can be concluded that the science learning module has been declared very valid for increasing students' critical thinking skills and self-efficacy in learning science.

Students in schools use techniques to keep up with the increasingly rapid development of the times. A module is the learning media. Lessons will be easier for students to understand if teaching materials are simple, practical, and relevant. However, activity in living things is still regarded as unsuitable learning material. This is because presenting the characteristics of objects to students in real terms can also be challenging. As a consequence, research and development of teaching materials for class VIII SMP/MTs based on critical thinking and decision-making skills are carried out in motion modules on living things. The goal of this research and development is to validate SMP/MTs class modules in order to improve critical thinking and decision-making skills. The Tessmer Formative evaluation development model is used in this type of research. Aspects of validity include content, presentation, and language. The research data were analyzed descriptively into categories. The results show that the CBSL module developed is in a very valid category with a value of 3.51, implying that this module appears to follow the objectives of learning science and is technically very feasible to be used as a science learning resource.