Forensic identification is an effort to help law enforcement officers to reveal a person's identity. Personal identity is often a problem in criminal and civil cases as well as cases related to death without identity and mass disasters. Age estimation is very important in forensic identification. DNA methylation is a potential epigenetic modification for age estimation because the aging process of DNA resembles the developments regulated in processes that are tightly controlled by specific epigenetic modifications. In most cases of violent crime, bloodstains can be found at the crime scene. Bloodstain may come from victims, perpetrators of crime, or both. Bloodstain can be used to scientifically reveal the correlation between DNA methylation from bloodstain and the age of unknown person. This study aimed to determine the correlation betweeen DNA methylation from bloodstain and a person's age. The study was conducted at the Institute of Tropical Disease of Universitas Airlangga from July to October 2019 using the analytic observational approach on 10 samples consisting of 5 male and 5 female samples. It was discovered that the correlation coefficient between DNA methylation and age in male subjects was 0.888 with a significance value of 0.04 and 0.834 in female subjects with a significance value of 0.079. In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between percent methylation and age in male subjects. However, this correlation is not statistically significant in female subjects.
BPJS is a legal entity formed to carry out social security programs by Law Number 24 of 2011 regarding Social Security Administrator. BPJS Kesehatan services divided by class according to the non-medical benefits of participation in Presidential Regulation Number 82 of 2018 regarding Health Insurance. The 3rd class membership services constitute the majority and require hospital preparedness. The reality is that the majority of Indonesian people are registered as BPJS Kesehatan 3rd class participants, but contradictively the Minister of Health Regulation Number 56 of 2014 regarding Classification And Licensing of Hospital only allocates at least 30% hospital beds for 3 rd class BPJS Kesehatan participant, so that many 3rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants are not accommodated according to their service class. Even though The Regulation of the Minister of Health of The Republic of Indonesia Number 85 of 2015 Concerning National Hospital Rates Scheme, 3 rd class BPJS Kesehatan participant hospital rates are set under the break-even point. This paper identifies socio-legal problems and analyzes problems using a conceptual approach related to the implementation of the law. There is a gap between the facts and the regulations made by the ministry of health-related to hospital services for patients in 3 rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants. 3 rd class, BPJS Kesehatan participants is difficult in obtaining facilities due to the limited allocation of hospital beds. The losses because the hospital rate guidelines for 3rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants are set below the break event point even though the majority of hospital customers are 3 rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants. Patients as 3rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants receive unproportional health services in hospitals due to gaps in the Ministry of Health regulation. Ministry of Health must improve regulations related to hospital services for 3rd class BPJS Kesehatan participants by increasing the minimum allocation of the number of hospital beds and hospital service rates for 3rd class BPJS Kesehatan participant.
Introduction: Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) or worm infection is an infection caused by intestinal nematode worm group that can be infectious through the soil medium. One straightforward transmission route is through contaminated water consumption as water is needed daily. This study aims to know the association between quality of physical water and STH contamination in the Sumbersari District, Jember Regency, water sources. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data was obtained from water physical quality inspection and STH contamination in the water laboratory. The 30 samples were taken purposively. Results and Discussion: The results of the data analysis of the association between water temperature and STH contamination showed a p-value of 0.014, the association between watercolor with STH contamination showed a value of 0.566, and the association between odor and TDS of water with STH contamination was not analysed. Statistics analysis results showed a significant association between the quality of water physics and STH contamination in the water sources in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency, with a score of 0.022. Conclusion: The physical quality of water has a positive correlation with STH contamination in water sources in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency.
In medical dispute resolution through mediation, a mediator with the medical qualification will be easier to facilitate the mediation process because of their expertise related to substance, but health workers which have high solidity towards the profession which will make it difficult for them to be impartial.The principal aim of this thesis was to study the doctor's capability and doctor's impartiality as a mediator in medical disputes. The issue will be discussed normatively juridically through the statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach with Malaysia, Australia, and Netherland as the comparative country.From this research, it can be concluded that the capability of doctors as mediators of medical disputes lies in the gravity levels of doctors who are commensurate with the context of the dispute. Malaysia, Australia, and the Netherlands have required that mediators need to have an understanding of the substance and have technical knowledge of the problem at hand. A doctor's impartiality as a mediator in medical disputes will have a tendency of partisanship and conflicts of interest.
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