Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous organism that forms association with the root of most terrestrial plants. AMF association also influence soil fertility through the enhancement of chemical, biological and physical content. In this study, we enumerated AMF spores from rhizosphere of Tithonia difersivolia as an indicator of soil fertility. The results showed that the most fertile soil had the highest AMF spores density. This research has confirmed that AMF has high interaction with organic carbon, organic matter, total phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, water level, soil fungi and soil bacteria. Partial regression analysis revealed the mathematic equation for their interaction. This equation used the abundant of AMF spores as an indicator for chemical, biological and physical fertility of the soil.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous organism that forms association with the root of most terrestrial plants. AMF association also influence soil fertility through the enhancement of chemical, biological and physical content. In this study, we enumerated AMF spores from rhizosphere of Tithonia difersivolia as an indicator of soil fertility. The results showed that the most fertile soil had the highest AMF spores density. This research has confirmed that AMF has high interaction with organic carbon, organic matter, total phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, water level, soil fungi and soil bacteria. Partial regression analysis revealed the mathematic equation for their interaction. This equation used the abundant of AMF spores as an indicator for chemical, biological and physical fertility of the soil.

Hutan Cangar termasuk salah satu hutan yang ada di Indonesia yang memiliki banyak makro serta mikroorganisme yang hidup di dalamnya, salah satunya yaitu mikoriza. Mikoriza termasuk golongan jamur yang mampu berasosiasi dengan perakaran tanaman yang ada di hutan. Salah satu jenis mikoriza yaitu Vesikular Arbuskular Mikoriza (VAM). Dalam menginfeksi tanaman, VAM menggunakan propagul yang terdiri dari spora mikoriza itu sendiri, tanah yang terinfestasi dan akar yang terinfeksi oleh mikoriza. VAM berperan dalam siklus karbon karena mampu mengambil karbon dari tanaman untuk bertahan hidup serta mempengaruhi ketersediaan unsur P di tanah karena membantu tanaman menyerap unsur P dari tanah. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah, penanaman tanaman kenikir, pewarnaan akar dan perhitungan nilai MPN. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai propagul jamur arbuskula mikoriza sebesar 12.961,897 propagul per gram dan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan C-Organik yang tinggi, P total sedang dan P tersedia tinggi. Tingginya nilai C-Organik ini dapat dipengaruhi karena mikoriza mengambil karbon dari tanaman untuk bertahan hidup dan sebagian karbonnya dialirkan ke tanah untuk membantu mikroba dalam mendekomposisi bahan organik yang mana akan menghasilkan karbon di tanah. Sedangkan tingginya kandungan P tersedia dapat disebabkan karena mikoriza mampu merubah kandungan P dari kondisi tidak tersedia menjadi tersedia dengan bantuan enzim fosfatase.

The mitochondrion is the target organelle for QoI (quinone outside inhibitor) antifungal drugs, but mitochondrial behavior in Pyricularia oryzae remains unclear.Conidial mitochondria in fungal isolate transformed with citrate synthase (CitA)-GFP fusion gene, were observed in situ using laser-scanning confocal microscopy and computer analysis. By harvesting at 36 h after eliminating the aerial mycelia, conidia with 1, 2, or 3 cells were observed. The 3D visualization of mitochondria in these conidia showed that mitochondria were initially shaped like dots and developed into a network as the conidia aged.