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Background: The effects of diet on epidemiology of prostate cancer are inconclusive. Therefore a hospitalbased, case-control study was conducted in a rural population of Faisalabad, Pakistan, to examine the impact of dietary factors on risk of cancer development. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 102 confirmed cases of prostate cancer and 204 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to evaluate the relationship between prostate cancer and diet. Results: Consumption of red meat and fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 3.41; 1.46-7.96 and 2.45; 1.17-5.15, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of vegetables, fluid intake and fruit significantly decreased the prostate cancer risk (odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 0.

IntroductionA wide range of objects have been inserted into the urinary bladder posing a challenge to urologists for diagnosis and management. Most cases are associated with psychiatric disorders, senility, intoxication or autoerotic stimulation. The frequency of such cases renders them important medical conditions of the genitourinary system.Case presentationOur case is an unusual one since fetal bone as a foreign body in the urinary bladder has not been reported in the literature. During dilatation and curettage, fetal bone migrated into the bladder wall of a 37-year-old woman and was endoscopically removed 7 years later.ConclusionA foreign body in the urinary bladder is rare and in most cases are self-inserted. Iatrogenic insertion is relatively rare especially during gynecological intervention. The presence of a foreign body in the bladder should be kept in mind when dealing with unusual cases of lower urinary tract symptoms.

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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered as the gold standard treatment for renal stones > 2cm. We encountered a patient who underwent PCNL and inadvertently placement ofpercutaneous nephrostomy tube in the inferior vena cava through the left renal vein from the left Kidney.There was profuse bleeding during the procedure (PCNL), and the procedure was abandoned by placing a nephrostomy tube. PNT was removed after 04 days in two steps without any bleeding.