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The oil palm independent smallholder (farmer) is one of the important actors in maintaining the continuity of the production cycle in the oil palm agro-industry supply chain in Indonesia. Various fundamental problems faced by the independent smallholder are related to land legality as well as their limited ability to manage good agricultural practices, access funds and information on current prices, and use of quality and agricultural production facilities. The institutional strengthening of the independent smallholder requires attention and support from government and other business actors in the supply chain of the oil palm agro-industry. This study aims to obtain a model of institutional strengthening through the application of the enrich seven steps of soft system methodology. The assumptions that must be fulfilled in strengthening this institution were described. The institutional strengthening model was developed in three stages, i.e., the establishment of smallholder corporations, the establishment of independent cooperatives, and the revitalization of the Indonesian oil palm independent smallholder association. Various individual strengthening actors were investigated and then integrated. The suggested institutional strengthening model involved cooperatives, smallholder farmers groups, and the oil palm mill, supported by regulatory, financial, and input provider agencies with a mutual partnership program.

ABSTRAK. Paclobutrazol sebagai zat penghambat biosintesis giberelin selama ini telah digunakan secara luas untuk mengatur produksi di luar musim beberapa buah tropika, namun zat ini meninggalkan residu yang panjang. Prohexadion-Ca adalah zat penghambat biosintesis giberelin yang dalam penggunaannya tidak meninggalkan residu, namun belum pernah diuji efektifitasnya dalam mengatur produksi buah di luar musim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan teknologi produksi buah jeruk di luar musim tanpa meninggalkan residu dalam tanah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan blok terpisah (split block design). Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan November 2012 sampai Mei 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan Prohexadion-Ca, Paclobutrazol, dan strangulasi dapat mempercepat pembungaan dan meningkatkan jumlah bunga dan buah tanaman jeruk keprok. Perlakuan Prohexadion-Ca dapat mempercepat mulainya muncul bunga  dibandingkan dengan perlakuan Paclobutrazol dan dapat meningkatkan jumlah bunga dan buah sama dengan Paclobutrazol. Penggunaan Prohexadion-Ca dapat dijadikan sebagai teknologi untuk memproduksi buah jeruk di luar musim tanpa meninggalkan residu dalam tanaman.

The oil from Tengkawang fruit (Shorea stenoptera) has been processed by indigenous people in West Kalimantan as cooking oil and margarine. This research examined the degumming process, neutralization and bleaching of Tengkawang oil to reduce the high acid and peroxide numbers resulted from traditional processes. The oil produced at each stage of the refining process were tested for their physicochemical properties by calculating the acid, iodine and peroxide numbers. Respectively, the values of acid number (mg NaOH/100 g sample), iodine number (g I2/100 g sample), and peroxide number (mg equivalent O2/kg sample) for initial Tengkawang fat were 10.14; 32.49 and 10.98; for Tengkawang fat after degumming were 10.25; 28.81 and 10.88); for Tengkawang fat after neutralization were 6.09; 30.52 and 5.57; and for Tengkawang fat after bleaching were 6.14; 31.39 and 5.55. The acid number of Tengkawang oil after neutralization process with variation of volume 5, 7.5 and 10 % were 7.83; 6.14 and 3.12 mg NaOH/100 g sample, respectively. The refining process increased the quality of physicochemical properties of Tengkawang oil to fall into industrial grade.

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