This study evaluates the strategic and defensive relations between Pakistan and China along with the concept of soft power. Relationship between Pakistan and China is always being focused by the world. The developments of these relations are discussed with the help of historical data. Despite differences of society, language and culture, between these two countries the friendship is enhancing day by day. The study examines the facts back of the phrase of Time-Tested Pakistan China Friendship: Deeper than Oceans, Sweeter than Honey, throughout the history of Pak-China relations, these remained in positive directions. Pakistan and China should shared interests for regional stability, enhancing economic opportunities and regional cooperation.
and provide rut and rudder to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to survive in a competitive environment across the globe. Covid-19 has completely altered the game of business to business (B2B) e-commerce that led towards multifaceted ethical issues. Paradoxically, limited research in empirical side has been conducted in the area of ecommerce ethics. This study investigated the influence of ecommerce ethics in terms of buyers' perception of suppliers' ethics (BPSE) on online repurchase intentions. Partial least square structural equation modeling as an analysis technique has been used in this research. The data was collected through questionnaire from 387 respondents belonging to four metropolitan cities; Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Multan and Sialkot. The findings of this study revealed the direct and all indirect effects of e-commerce ethics on online repurchase intentions are significant and have positive relationship along with mediators. This study contributes to existing literature by using ethical theories and expectation confirmation theory (ECT), testing for empirical and practical side of e-commerce ethics in case B2B SMEs of Pakistan. Moreover, e-commerce services providers will be able to get advantages from BPSE to increase repurchase intentions of B2B SMEs in future.
This study is to investigate the impact of work stress on employees job satisfaction with the moderating effect of social support In work stress two dimensions have analyzed first is work-life balance and second is work place anxiety. Primary data were collected through the questionnaire from 500 employees of public and private sector organizations. Data was collected from only those organizations that are listed with SECP (Security and Exchange Corporation of Pakistan) as well as listed in stock exchange. Cross Sectional Study has been conducted in this research. This study has proved that those employees who were not managing their work -life due to work stress have negative relationship on employee's job satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship is negative between work place anxieties on the employee job satisfaction. Social support moderates positively affect in the significant relationship between work-life balance and employee job satisfaction. In addition, Social Support moderates positively between work-place anxiety on employees job satisfaction This study is based on quantitative research This study is helpful for the top managerial policy makers to improve the employees satisfaction level by incorporating job stress management and also by providing the social support.
This study examines the impact of ethical leadership and organizational fairness on employees' affective commitment and employees' job performance. Data were collected from the cellular operators working in Pakistan namely Mobilink, Ufone, Telenor, Zong and Warid through questionnaire from 518 employees working in regional and head offices of cellular operators at Islamabad, Lahore, Faisalabad and Multan. The study reported the results of preliminary, correlation and regression analysis by using SPSS. These results indicated that the ethical leadership and organizational fairness has direct and indirect impact through trust in organization on employees' affective commitment and employees' job performance. This showed a partial mediation of trust between business ethics and employees' out comes.
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