Context: Premature aging usually occurred due to free radicals reducing the skins’ physiological functions. Muntingia calabura, a plant containing rich antioxidants, has the potential to overcome this problem. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of M. calabura in inhibiting the premature aging process, to be potentially developed into an antiaging active ingredient. Methods: The samples were extracted using ethanol 96%, and processed into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined, followed by the evaluation of antioxidant capacity through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. Further, anti-elastase was conducted using human neutrophil elastase as a skin degradation enzyme, followed by an anti-collagenase test. Finally, normal cell proliferation was also evaluated via the MTT method measuring cell viability on HDFa cells. Results: As the results, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction showed a strong antioxidant effect, having great capacity reducing DPPH, ABTS radicals, and also iron reduction, in contrast to n-hexane fraction that exhibited only weak activity. The antioxidant trend capacities were found directly correlated to total phenolic contents. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have optimum activity in inhibiting elastase and collagenase enzymes, showing a similar impact on cell viability. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura exhibits the prospect for further development to support its effectiveness as an active ingredient in antiaging cosmetics.

School committees in public primary schools have several issues such as the selection and appointment of administrators, partnerships and political will of the principal, procedures for school committee involvement, and increased participation of school committees in carrying out their main duties and functions to improve the quality of education services. The purpose of this study is to build community and school mind-set to work together to improve the quality of education, to establish an inclusive school for school committees, to find strategies to increase the participation of school committees in improving the quality of education services in schools, to find strategies to increase external stakeholder's participation in improving the quality of education service contributions; and to create standard procedure of synergy of school and school committee in improving quality of Public Primary School education service in Parepare City. The research methods used are mixed research (a combination of quantitative and qualitative) and field research. Objects studied are as many as 75 school committees and Public Primary School managers in Parepare City. This research was conducted by collecting data through questionnaire, observation, interview, document study, triangulation, FGD, and workshop. The result of this research is the selection strategy which refers to Permendikbud Number 75 of 2016 and is undertaken democratically; the principal establishes a joint commitment with the school committee to advance the quality, designs the respective authorities and responsibilities, develops a transparent, accountable, and ICT-based administration system, and develops quality standards and operational standards of quality education service procedures.

Using computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in English language learning has not received the attention it deserves in Indonesian EFL context; thus, this study tried to inspect the impacts of CALL on Indonesian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning, speaking skill, and speaking anxiety. To reach this end, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was administered to 103 Indonesian EFL students, and 60 of them whose English proficiency levels were intermediate were chosen as the respondents of this investigation. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Then, a vocabulary test, a speaking test, and a Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) questionnaire were administered to the groups as the pretests of the study. After that, the conversations and the vocabulary items of six lessons of Family and Friends Book 6 were taught to the experimental group by an online instruction (Skype application). On the other side, the same conversations and vocabulary items were taught to the control participants by a conventional instruction (face-to-face class). After teaching the conversations and vocabulary items, the posttests of vocabulary, speaking skill, and anxiety were administered to the groups to determine the influences of the intervention on their vocabulary, speaking, and anxiety. The collected data were analyzed by utilizing independent samples and paired samples t-tests, and the gained outcomes indicated that the experimental participants outflanked the control participants both in the speaking and vocabulary posttests. Moreover, the outcomes of the questionnaire demonstrated that the experimental participants had less amount of speaking anxiety compared to the control participants after receiving the treatment. Finally, the implications and the conclusions of the results were explained at the end of the research.

Improvisational exercises is a technique which consist three steps, they are preparation, modelling, and playing, that is preparation the teacher presents exercises, the students practice (modelling), and then procedure (playing)and the it provides three main goals; (1) the students pronounciation improve, (2) proper use of grammatical structure is reinforced, (3) vocabulary practice in enhanced. With this background, this research was quasi-experimental, with non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of two classes of students enrolled in 2013/2014 academic year, which one group was taken to be an experimental and the other to be a control group. The data obtained through the test were analysed by using statistical analysis. In conducting the research, the researcher used improvisational exercise technique to evaluate the students' speaking performance which covered by three components of speaking, such as: fluency, accuracy, and comprehensibility. The research findings shows thatthe use of improvisational exercise technique (presentation, modelling, and playing) in teaching speaking can improve the speaking performance of the eight year students of SMP Negeri 2 Majene significantly after being given treatment. The mean score of experimental group in post-test and control group were significantly different. The mean score of post-test in experimental group (3.36) was higher than control group (3.00).Thus, it is recomended for all English teacher to improve the students ability in speaking.

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