Carcinoma of breast is now the most frequent of all cancers, both in male and female malignancies. It is also the fifth leading cause of death from all types of malignancies, and the first among those tumors that kill women. Objective: To assess the knowledge about breast cancer screening among female faculty of University of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research that used a non-probability purposive sampling technique. After getting permission from the participants, data from 356 female faculty members at the University of Lahore was obtained. SPSS version 22 was used to evaluate and enter the data. Results: The findings suggested that female faculty members had a moderate understanding of cancer screening. Even though majority of the participants were aware that mammography is a fundamental and conventional technique for breast cancer screening, they were unaware of when to begin and how frequently it should be done. Respondents also knew what breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) were, but they didn't know when they should begin or how often they should be conducted. Conclusions:  In summary, female academic staff at the University of Lahore have a moderate level of knowledge. It is suggested that breast cancer screening methods be made more widely known and educated about through frequent conferences and seminars highlighting the proper age and time for starting BSE, CBE, and Mammography, as well as the need of doing these procedures on a regular basis.

Communication is defined as the phenomenon found specifically in animal species. It was however refined and modified only by the human species. Language and speech are two basic areas that fall under the umbrella of communication. With these processes also comes the impending danger of abnormal speech and language, leading to the development of their disorders. Objectives: Reporting the frequency changes in the voice of patients who are positive of covid-19. Methods: Application of cross-section study type of retrospective nature was steered. Details were extracted from 2 trust hospitals of Lahore, UOL Teaching Hospital and Arif Memorial Hospital. Convenient based sample accumulation technique was applied for data assembly from subjects. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) , was used for the evaluation of patient perceived voice changes. Results: Data of 379 patients of Covid-19 infection was compiled. Shaky and weak voice, unclear voice and change in voice observed at the end of the day were all highlighted as voice changes in subjects. Out of 379, 263 experience shaky and weak voice to some extent which meant 69.4% of the participants experienced this. 241 out of 379 experienced problems with voice clarity and complained about not being able to speak clearly, meaning 63.6% faced this issue. 242 experienced change of voice over the passage of time in entire day, indicating 63.9% experienced this. Conclusion: Weak voice or having a shaky voice, having voice that was not clear enough to be understood by others, and feeling a change is voice quality over the day were considered as pointers of voice change. collecting and analyzing the data, the investigation concluded that voice changes were observed in individuals during Covid-19 infection.

Background: Job stress is now a widely used term use by speech-language pathologists. Workplace workload stress, high levels of time pressure, poor salaries, and the effect on mental health on job performance appear to be the main causes of low productivity in any work context. To combat stress, employees require a certain level of motivation as well as job stress management solutions. Objective: To find the effect of job stress and on Speech-Language Pathologists’ job performance in Pakistan. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study. Sampling technique used for this study was random. It was conducted through social media platforms or online survey. Duration of the study was six months from August 2021 to January 2022, after the approval of IRB. Sample size was 120 that was taken on the basis of (http://www.pslpa.org). SLPs included in this study had experience more than 1 year in Overall Pakistan. Data was collected through structured questionnaire. After the completion of data, all the responses were recorded and frequencies of each question were calculated through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to evaluate final results of research. Results: According to the findings of the study, both males and females were feeling job stress at work. Age, profession, job title, and regular salary all have considerable differences. Workload stress, Job Security stress, Shift work stress, and job performance stress were the 4 components analyzed by the researcher. And these variables indicate distinct levels of occupational stress in SLPs (Severe, Moderate, and Mild). Workload stress accounted for the highest percentage of severe to moderate stress, at 28.78%. Job security stress had mild percentage, indicating that SLPs experienced less stress as a result of job security (27.12 %). Shift work had a high level of stress, which had a negative impact on their job performance (25.12 %). And SLPs experienced a higher level of job performance stress in their work settings, which was 28%. These variables are strongly integrated and had a higher effect on SLPs Job Performance. Conclusion: After analyzing the data using SPSS, it was concluded that Workload had an effect on SLPs job performance in more significant way, shift work and Job performance stress had a higher percentage of job stress in SLPs which affect their Job performance. Only Job security shows the mild job stress in SLPs. Key words: Job Security, Job Performance, Speech-Language Pathologist, Workload, Shift Work, Occupational Stress

Background: Down syndrome is the disorder in which physical, mental, and functional deformity is present due to trisomy twenty one, the existence of three chromosomes instead of two normal chromosomes in human genome. Children who have intellectual disability they have neurodevelopmental deficit regards to limited in intellectual operation and adaptive behaviors. One of the safeguards variables as a favorable adaptability to a challenging conditions, like managing a handicapped kid, is marital satisfaction. Higher levels of marital happiness are linked to reduce depression levels, less parenting stress, and better parental planning (Kersh, Hedvat, Hauser-Cram, & Warfield, 2006) Objective(s): To find out parental satisfaction with academia of Down syndrome and Intellectual disability in Pakistan. Methodology: A standardized tool PSCDDI is used and data were collected from special education school of Lahore and Gujranwala city. Data were collected from 385 parents of down syndrome and intellectual disable child parents through questionnaire which were provided to parents and take their opinion. After data collected we analyze the data and concluded the results. Results: In this study we find out that parents are unsatisfied to academic performance of their child most of child and most of the parents are not sure and disagree. Down syndrome child are 38.9% and 60.9% child were intellectual disable and they are all in pre to 3rd grade. Most of the child were in the age range of 5- 8 years. The parents of DS and ID child have non-Consaginous marriage is 53.6% and 46.4% are Consaginous marriage. Conclusion(s): The overall study of parental satisfaction towards the developmental disability of their children shows unsatisfaction. . In Pakistan parents who have their children with disability faced many challenges in society. Keyword: Down syndrome, intellectual disability, parental satisfaction, academia

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, 6.1% of the world's population has hearing impairment, making it one of the most common disabilities. Congenital, prenatal, genetic, and environmental factors are among the many causes of hearing impairment. Congenital hearing loss is thought to be mostly caused by consanguinity. Numerous studies, both in the Middle East, where the practice is very common, and in Europe, where it is taboo, show a strong connection between congenital hearing loss and consanguinity. There is virtually little research on hearing loss brought on by consanguinity in the literature. Objective: The find the prevalence of hearing loss in children of parents with consanguineous marriages. Material & Methods: This an observational cross-sectional study. The study had a sample size of 377 subjects. The data was collected from Alam Audiology Clinic and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital for 6 months from January to June, 2022. The data was collected from parents who reported a consanguineous marriage, and the children were taken between the ages of 0.5 years to 5 years, children were test using various audiological intervention, i.e., Pure Tone. Audiometry, Otoacoustic emissions, Auditory Brain-stem Response. The children who were syndromic or had other associated psychological issues were excluded. A Performa was generated inquiring about demographics, nature of consanguinity, other disabilities type of hearing impairment and other risk factors, this was filled out by the parents or the researcher in consultation of the parents. All the parents were informed of the study and their consent was taken. The study data was analyzed using SPSS 21 and frequencies were found out, tables and charts were systematically drawn and their conclusions were drawn. The study followed all ethical parameters. Results: The results showed that out of the 377 participants, 186 were male and 191 were females, children of the age group 2-5 years were the most extensive numbering 323 participants (85.7%). An overwhelming number of children brought for assessment were with congenital hearing loss 286 (75.9%). Very few people reported hearing impairment in their family history. The nature of the cousin marriage shows that most of the participants 78.2% reported that they are first cousins. Most of the children 69% had moderate to severe hearing loss. Practical Implication: The study will show us the impact of consanguineous marriages have on the hearing capacity of their children. The study will highlight consanguineous marriages as a factor in hearing impairment. Keywords: Hearing loss, consanguinity, hearing impairment, hearing impairment.