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The diversity of avifauna at the BARD (Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development), Comilla was studied from March, 2010 to March, 2011. A total of 41 species of birds (20 non-passerines and 21passerines) were identified. Among the total species, 37 (90.25%) were resident and 4 (9.75%) were winter migrants. Regarding to the habitat types utilized by individual species, 11 was bush dwellers, 5 at open place, 5 on human habitations, 4 on tall trees, 10 in garden, 6 found at near the pond. Relative abundance (by number) showed that 10 species were very common, 25 common, 9 fairly common and 7 few. The highest density was recorded for Passer domesticus (480.15 indiv. / acre) and the lowest was for Dicrurus macrocercus (1.29 indiv. / acre). Among these birds, 18 (43.91%) species were insectivores, 6 (14.64%) piscivores, 6 (14.64%) granivores, 2 (4.88%) frugivores, 4 (9.76%) rodentivores, only one (2.44%) nectar feeder and the rest 3 (7.32%) were mixed feeders. Among the avifauna, 8 (21.63%) species were included in the threatened category, of which 2 (5.41%) were critically endangered, 3 (8.11%) endangered and 3 (8.11%) vulnerable nationally. Direct communication with local people recorded that illegal exploitation of forest, trapping, shooting of birds and collection of young as cage birds are the mentionable causes of decline of the diversity and population of avifauna in the study area. Control of unwise exploitation, plantation of indigenous fruit-trees and creation of awareness, preparation of integrated management action plan (IMAP) and its implementation in co-operation with National and International organizations are mostly essential for conservation of avian diversity in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10746Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 41-44

This paper investigates modeling the conditional volatility of the Bangladesh equity market, namely the Dhaka Stock Exchange benchmark index (DSEX) and the Shariah Index (DSES), to explore the presence of leverage effects and long memory behavior covering the period from July 01, 2004 to December 31, 2020. We employ a family of Fractionally Integrated GARCH models FIFARCH BBM, FIGARCH CHUNG, FIEGARCH, FIAPARCH BBM, FIAPARCH CHUNG, and HYGARCH to capture both asymmetric effects and long memory behavior in conditional variance, a unique study in volatility literature. We detect strong evidence in favor of asymmetric effects and long memory behavior in the conditional volatility of DSEX and DSES returns, which repudiates the weak-form efficient market hypothesis. The study reveals FIEGARCH and FIAPRACH CHUNG outperform the other fractionally integrated GARCH specifications in modeling conditional volatility of equity returns. The paper further examines the diagnostic test of misspecification of the conditional variance equation based on the news impact curve, and results ensure that all models are fairly specified. This study also looks into the risk-return tradeoff in time-varying volatility and finds no evidence of the positive relationship between equity returns and volatility dynamics. The findings have pragmatic implications for retail and wholesale investors and other market players to initiate the investments and hedging strategies before investing in an emerging equity market like Bangladesh.

Background: Management of temporary ileostomy cases is very important considering the outcomes. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe the surgical complications of temporary ileostomy patients. Methodology: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of six months from July, 2011 to December, 2011. All patients who had undergone temporary ileostomy after admission were selected as the study population. Patients with temporary ileostomy at any age in both male and female were included in this study. The surgical complications like prolapse, retraction, stenosis, necrosis, skin excoriation, parastomal hernia, bleeding and wound infection were recorded.   Result: A total number of 100 patients were selected for observation and management of complications of temporary ileostomy. Their ages ranging from 15 to 65 years with mean age 33.9±11.92 years. Complications were developed in majority cases of cases (52.0%). Several systemic complications were recorded like electrolytes imbalance (31%), hypoproteinaemia (14%), RTI (6%) and significant weight loss (4%). Skin excoriation was the more frequent local complication developed in 32 (32%) patients. However, 36 patients developed laparotomy wound related complication. Conclusion: In conclusion high frequency of complications are found among the temporary ileostomy patients. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):65-69

This study investigates the evidence of market efficiency dynamics and chaotic behavior of the Dhaka Stock Exchange benchmark index (DSEX) over the 2000-2020 period. We employed the newly developed model of mutual informational and global correlation coefficient in addition to the traditional linear and nonlinear techniques. Results suggest there is evidence of serial dependence in the DSEX returns. We attempted the Lyapunov exponent model to evaluate the possibility of chaos and nonlinear dynamics in the market. The results conspicuously represent the existence of chaotic behaviora nonlinearity-based profitability pattern revealed in the DSEX return series in its short run behavior. By applying two technical trading indicators, we justify the predicting trend of the Bangladesh stock market and conclude that investors active in the Dhaka Stock Exchange can earn abnormal returns. Findings have practical implications for general investors and professional fund managers to exploit the profitable opportunities and reshuffle the investment decisions. Results also convey the message to the regulatory body to initiate the strategies for intervening in the operating mechanisms to reduce the market inefficiency.