No abstract

This research discusses the analysis of Mexican motivation in determining tariffs on the distribution of US products to Mexico. In international law, Mexico and the US build a strong free trade cooperation in the North American Free Trade Zone (NAFTA) agreement. They agreed to implement the agreement that is built in that agreement, particularly for the exemption of tariff inthe distribution of products between two countries. In fact, the US could not complete the tariff exemption agreement in the distribution of Mexican products that has been agreed in NAFTA. It delays the implementation of this agreement by complicating the distribution of goods from Mexico to the US with unilateral regulations. Eventually, this research found that Mexico motivation is to respond US regulations on its products for several years. That US action, particularly the logisticsdistribution cooperation, has caused Mexico experiencing difficulties in gaining profits.

This research explains the influence of social networking site against the political revolution that is happened in Tunisia in 2010 to 2011. Restraint of political freedom anddemocracy on regime of Ben Ali in Tunisia causes the society to be tough to get a free public sphere, so that the society seeks a strategic media to get free public sphere. At the time of the political revolution in Tunisia, the social networking site is a strategic media used for socialinteraction, disseminating information and mobilizing the masses, because the restraint of freedom of politics and democracy in cyberspace is not effective. This research is aimed to determine the influence arising from the use of social networking sites in political revolutions that takes place in Tunisia. This research shows that the political, social and economic turmoil in Tunisia encourage people to build public sphere. The public sphere has a realimpact for the community or society in support of the political revolution in Tunisia. Tunisia society has the opportunity to articulate the interests, needs of the country, and build a political movement through public space. Restraint of democratic freedoms through sensorsin cyberspace for democratization in Tunisia are not effective. Social networking site is public sphere for Tunisian society to disseminate information, communicate and mobilize social and political movements to overthrow the regime of Ben Ali.

This research explains about the motivation of Indonesia in doing carbon trading with Norway. As a country which has tropical rainforest, Indonesia has become important for the developed countries in the carbon trade cooperation, especially Norway. Indonesia has the potential natural resources, such as tropic rainforest and large of land, that can be used to reduce carbon emissions in the world. By signing the letter of intent (LoI) on May 26th in 2010 in Oslo, Indonesia and Norway have agreed to conduct carbon trading both of these two countries. On the one hand, this cooperation can be advantageous for Indonesia, because Indonesia gets one billion US dollars from Norway for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) program , but on the other hand Indonesia can not maximize the exploitation of forestry sector and land because of the limitation caused by REDD. It eventually causes the carbon trading between Indonesia and Norway becomes important to be inquired. Keywords: Environment, Carbon Trading, Priso Indone Policy Abstrak Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang motivasi Indonesia dalam melakukan perdagangan karbon dengan Norwegia. Sebagai negara yang memiliki hutan hujan tropis, Indonesia menjadi penting bagi negara- negara maju dalam kerja sama perdagangan karbon, terutama Norwegia. Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam, seperti hutan hujan tropis dan lahan yang luas, yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi emisi karbon di dunia. Dengan menandatangani letter of intent (LoI) pada 26 Mei 2010 di Oslo, Indonesia dan Norwegia telah sepakat untuk melakukan perdagangan karbon kedua negara ini. Di satu sisi, kerjasama ini dapat menguntungkan bagi Indonesia, karena Indonesia mendapat satu miliar dolar AS dari Norwegia untuk program Pengurangan Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD), tetapi di sisi lain Indonesia tidak dapat memaksimalkan eksploitasi sektor kehutanan dan lahan karena keterbatasan yang disebabkan oleh REDD. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perdagangan karbon antara Indonesia dan Norwegia menjadi penting untuk dipertanyakan. Kata Kunci: Lingkungan, Perdagangan Karbon, Prisoner’s Dilemma, Pilihan Rasional, Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengeksplanasi bagamana Cina mempengaruhi keamanan lingkungan dan perdamaian di Mongolia. Di Mongolia, Cina melibatkan diri di beberapa sektor seperti ekosistem, energi, populasi, makanan dan ekonomi. Aktivitas-aktivitas ini menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan seperti penggurunan, kepunahan hewan liar, deforestasi, kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan pembangkit listrik tenaga air, kesehatan makanan, dan polusi lingkungan yang disebabkan pertambangan. Peter Hough, seorang ahli keamanan lingkungan, dalam bukunya yang berjudul �Memahami Keamanan Global, Edisi Kedua�, menjelaskan bahw permasalahan-permasalahan lingkungan bisa menjadi sebuah keamanan manusia. Ini berarti bahwa keamanan lingkungan adalah salah satu dari beberapa dimensi-dimensi dari keamanan manusia. Kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya menjadi permasalahan lingkungan saja, akan tetapi ini juga menjadi permasalahan keamanan. Untuk mengeksplanasi hal tersebut, konsep dimensi keamanan lingkungan dan pendekatan konflik lingkungan digunakan, karena fenomena keamanan ini berfokus pada manusia dan bukan negara. Kata Kunci: Keamanan Tradisional, Mongolia, China, Lingkungan, perdamaian